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Gross Anatomy Exam 3 > Thoracic Wall > Flashcards

Thoracic Wall Flashcards

1
Q

Characteristics of thoracic vertebrae

A
  • Long, inferiorly pointing spinous processes
  • Heart shaped vertebral bodies
  • Superior/Inferior articular facets - Oriented in coronal place
  • Costal facets on transverse processes of ribs
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2
Q

Three parts of the sternum

A

Manubrium, Body, Xiphoid process

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3
Q

Jugular notch (Sternal notch)

A
  • Notch on superior part of manubrium

- Separates R/L Sternoclavicular joints

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4
Q

Notches on manubrium where SC joint articulates

A

Clavicular notches

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5
Q

What ribs (costal cartilages) does the manubrium articulate with

A

Costal cartilages 1 and 2

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6
Q

Manubriosternal joint

A
  • Articulation between inferior manubrium and the body of the sternum
  • Cartilaginous, symphysis joint
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7
Q

What ribs (costal cartilages) does the body of the sternum articulate with?

A

Costal cartilages 2-7

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8
Q

Sternal angle

A
  • Marks fusion of manubrium and body
  • Palpable spot
  • Horizontal plane through sternal angle marks:
    • T4-T5 IV disk, division of mediastinum into superior and inferior regions, bifurcation of trachea, origin and termination of aortic arch
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9
Q

Xiphisternal joint

A
  • Articulation between xiphoid process and the body of the sternum
  • Cartilaginous, synchondroses
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10
Q

What are the two types of cartilaginous joints and what are they made of?

A
  1. Primary cartilaginous - Synchondroses joints - hyaline cartilage (ossify)
  2. Secondary cartilaginous - Symphysis joints - fibrocartilage - don’t ossify
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11
Q

Ribs 1-7

A
  • True ribs

- individual costal cartilages of ribs 1-7 articulate with sternum

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12
Q

Ribs 8-10

A
  • False ribs

- Indirect articulation between costal cartilages connected to superior costal cartilages

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13
Q

Ribs 11-12

A
  • Floating ribs

- Don’t articulate with sternum

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14
Q

Costochondral joints

A
  • Articulation between costal cartilages of ribs 1-10 and the bony segment of the rib
  • Cartilaginous, synchondroses
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15
Q

Sternocostal joints

A
  • Articulation between costal cartilages of ribs 1-7 and (costal notches) on sternum
  • Rib 1 - Cartilaginous, synchondroses
  • Ribs 2-7 - Synovial, plane
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16
Q

Costotransverse joints

A
  • Articulation between costal tubercle on rib and costal facets on the transverse processes of the vertebrae
  • Synovial, plane
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17
Q

Costovertebral joints

A
  • Ribs 2-10: articulation between the head of rib and the costal facet on adjacent vertebrae and on the demifacet of the superior vertebrae
  • Ribs 1,11,12: articulation between the head of the rib and the costal facet on adjacent vertebrae
  • Synovial, plane joints
18
Q

Name and describe the boundaries for the thoracic apertures

A
  1. Superior Thoracic Aperture
    - bounded by manubrium of sternum, 1st rib, T1 vertebrae
    - open thorax superiorly to neck
  2. Inferior Thoracic Aperture
    - bounded by xiphoid process of sternum, 11th and 12th ribs, T12 vertebrae, costal margin
19
Q

Interchondral joint

A
  • Between costal cartilages

- Synovial, plane

20
Q

Sternoclavicular joint

A
  • Articulation between clavicular notches on manubrium and sternal end of clavicle
  • Synovial, saddle
21
Q

Intervertebral joint

A

Ask

22
Q

Right and left crura

A
  • Extensions of the posterior diaphragm
  • attach to lumbar vertebral bodies
  • Right crus is slightly longer than left crus
23
Q

What happens to the diaphragm during expiration/inspiration

A

During inspiration, the diaphragm depresses increasing the room in the thoracic cavity.
During expiration, the diaphragm elevates to the 4th or 5th rib level

24
Q

Which side of the diaphragm is slightly higher

A

Right

25
Q

What are the three apertures (openings) in the diaphragm that allow for passage of structures between the thorax and abdomen

A
  1. Caval aperture (hiatus )
  2. Esophageal aperture (hiatus)
  3. Aortic aperture (hiatus_
26
Q

Caval aperture (hiatus)

A
  • Passageway for inferior vena cava

- at T8 level, through central tendon of diaphragm

27
Q

Esophageal aperture (hiatus)

A

-Passageway for esophagus
(R/L gastric artery/vein, ant/post vagal trunks)
-T10 vertebral level
-Formed by the right (sometimes left) crura
-Crura constrict and form a sphincter around the esophagus

28
Q

Aortic aperture (hiatus)

A
  • Behind T12 level
  • In between right and left crura
  • Passage for aorta (thoracic duct, azygos/hemiazygos veins)
29
Q

List the neurovasculature of the diaphragm

A

Arteries - mainly supplied by the inferior phrenic arteries (branch of abdominal aorta)
-also supplied by superior phrenic, pericardiophrenic, musculophrenic

Veins
-venous blood drains into azygos vein (from posterior intercostal and superior phrenic veins)

30
Q

What innervates the diaphragm

A

Phrenic nerve (C3,4,5)

31
Q

What is the breast composed of

A

Mammary gland (modified sweat gland +supporting fat/fibrous tissue)

32
Q

Where is the breast located in females

A

Lateral sternum to midaxillary line (over ribs 1-6, pec major and serratus anterior muscles)

33
Q

Retromammary space

A
  • Loose C.T. that creates a space between the breast and underlying pectoralis major fascia
  • Allows for movement on thoracic wall
34
Q

Highest prominence of the breast

A
  • Nipple
  • T4 level
  • Smooth muscle fibers
35
Q

Areola

A
  • pigmented skin surrounding nipple

- contains sebaceous glands that lubricate the area during nursing

36
Q

What are the two components of the mammary gland

A

Parenchyma and stroma

37
Q

What are the parts of the parenchyma

A
  • Lobes
  • Lobes divide into 15-20 lobules
  • Lobules contain sacs of alveoli (hollow, with secretory cells)
  • Lactiferous ducts - drain lobules, open at nipple
  • Lactiferous sinus - small dilation of ducts, stores small amount of milk in lactating women
38
Q

What is the stroma of the breast composed of/function

A
  • Fibrous network of the mammary gland

- Separates lobules/supports lobes

39
Q

What attaches the stroma of the mammary gland to overlying dermis

A

Suspensory (cooper) ligaments

-especially strong superiorly

40
Q

Neurovasculature of the breast

A

Arteries - anterior intercostal and medial mammary arteries (branches of internal thoracic)
Veins - venous blood drains into axillary vein
Lymph - 75% lymph drains into axillary nodes

41
Q

What makes up the thoracic cage

A

T1-T12 vertebrae, Ribs 1-12, Sternum

Gross Anatomy Exam 3 (3 decks)

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