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CATA 437 final exam > Thoracic spine and ribs > Flashcards

Thoracic spine and ribs Flashcards

1
Q

2 most catastrophic injuries at Tx-spine

A

Compression fx (52%)
TP fractures (37%)

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2
Q

Subjective history thoracic spine

A

Red flags from systemic problems
Age/occupation - Scheurmann’s (13-16 yo) and idopathic scoliosis (ado females)
Boundaries of pain/pain presentation
Pain with breathing
Pain deep/superficial/shooting/burning/aching?
Coughing? Sneezing straining?
Pain into legs/arms/head/neck?
Digestive problems?

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3
Q

you’re doing great

A

SWEETIE

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4
Q

nerve roots of autonomic nervous system

A

T1-L2

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5
Q

2 parts of the autonomic nervous system

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic systems

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6
Q

Fight or flight system

A

Sympathetic

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7
Q

System where non essential activities are reduced and blood flow to organs is reduced, muscles is increased

A

Sympathetic

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8
Q

What are the E activities in the sympathetic nervous system?

A

Exercise
Excitement
Emergency
Embarassment

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9
Q

Body functions - T1-T5

A

Heart and lungs

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10
Q

Body functions - T5-L2

A

Stomach
Intestines (up to distal 1/2 of large intestines)
Spleen
Liver
Pancreas

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11
Q

Body functions - T10-L2

A

Distal half of large intestine
Reproductive organs
Urinary bladder
Kidney

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12
Q

Stimulates activity to conserve and restore body resources

A

Parasympathetic ns

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13
Q

what is the acronym SLUDD

A

Parasympathetic ns
salivation - lacrimation - urination - digestion - defecation

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14
Q

technique used to compress breast tissue in order to create a flatter appearance of the chest

A

Chest binding

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15
Q

How are the spinous processes positioned in general?

A

obliquely downwards

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16
Q

What is the rule of 3’s

A

T1-T3 = TP at level of SP of the same vertebrae
T4-T6 = TP 1/2 vertebral body above SP
T7-T9 = TP at level of SP of vertebrae above
T10 rules of T7-T9
T11 Rules of T4-T6
T12 rules of T1-T3

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17
Q

True ribs

A

1-7

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18
Q

False ribs

A

8-10

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19
Q

Floating ribs

A

T11-12

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20
Q

Difficult to palpate
Apex of right lung
Anterior scalenes

A

Rib 1

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21
Q

2 ligaments of the sternum/clavicle joint

A

Radiate lig
Interchondral ligs

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22
Q

Pump handle movement does what

A

increase in antero-posterior diameter of thoracic cavity

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23
Q

Bucket handle movement does what

A

Increase in lateral diameter of thoracic cavity

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24
Q

Rib mvt with rotation - Rotn to the R

A

Right ribs = external rotn
Left ribs = internal rotn

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25
Q

what is the primary breather

A

diaphragm

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26
Q

Muscles of inspiration

A

SCM
Scalenes
External intercostals
Pec minor
Diaphragm

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27
Q

Muscles of expiration

A

Internal intercostals
Diaphragm
Rectus abdominis

28
Q

Role of serratus posterior inferior

A

aids in respiration and lowers the ribs

29
Q

Role of serratus posterior superior

A

aids in respiration and elevates the ribs

30
Q

Diaphragm __ and ___during inspiration

A

Lowers and flatten

31
Q

Diaphragm __ and ___during expiration

A

relaxes and ascends

32
Q

The diaphragm has fascial connections with which 2 muscles

A

Psoas major and QL

33
Q

Esophagus pierces diaphragm at ___

A

T10

34
Q

Inferior vena cava is at the level of

A

T8

35
Q

Where does the thoracolumbar fascia attaches

A

medially to thoracic and lumbar spine and laterally to costal angles and 12th ribs

36
Q

Commonly occurs with coughing, twisting/rotation activities and heavy lifting
Will display pain along the muscle with palpation, possible pain with deep breaths. mvt of the spine

A

Muscle strains in the Tx-spine

37
Q

Rib stress fx is common in which sport

A

Rowers 9%

38
Q

Anterior or posterior rib most affected by rib stress fx

A

posterior due to pull of serratus anterior

39
Q

Which level in the Tx-spine are most susceptible to stress fractures and strains? why

A

T4-T7 because of rhomboids/lats/ES

40
Q

which injury is less common in the t-spine compared to l-spine and c-spine

A

disc herniation

41
Q

Side bending in one direction
Rotation in opposite direction

A

Scoliosis

42
Q

Causes of scoliosis

A

Congenital, idiopathic, neuromuscular, degenerative

43
Q

How do you name a scoliosis

A

named for the point of the apex of the curve and the side of the convexity
ex: (L) T7 scoliosis

44
Q

review slide 37

A

convex vs concave side

45
Q

inflammation of the cartilage that connects rib to sternum

A

costochondritis

46
Q

cause of costochondritis

A

unknown
irritation following excessive rotation/coughing

47
Q

Common MOI of TOS

A

repetitive OH mvt
Faulty posture
Improper breathing
Traumatic = whiplash/fall

48
Q

2 types of TOS and their incidence

A

Neurological - most common
Vascular (arterial 1-2% and venous 3-5%)

49
Q

Women or men at more risk of TOS

A

Women

50
Q

Common entrapment sites for TOS

A

Between scalenes and 1st rib and clavicle, pec minor…

51
Q

review table slide 43

A

ATOS
VTOS
NTOS

52
Q

Scheuermann’s kyphosis

A

can occur in young age
vertebrae grow at different rate during child’s growth spurt
pain to follow after periods of exertion or long periods of inactivity

53
Q

normal kyphosis angle vs abnormal

A

20-40d is normal
40-45+ considered abnormal

54
Q

Dowager’s hump

A

increased kyphosis
from stress fractures or postmenopausal osteoporosis

55
Q

Proper breathing mechanics

A

relaxation of neck musculature
inhalation through the nose
expansion of the abdoment (360d)
Neutral spine to optimize breath
No shoulder movement towards the ears
Pump and bucket handle movement of the chest
Slight anterior tilt of pelvis with inhalation

56
Q

whole body moves up
tension through the neck musculature
use of SCM, scalene, UFT to assist in inhalation
abdomen moves up and in
rib flare

A

chest breathing

57
Q

whole body moves down
shoulder’s hunched
compression to the heart, lungs and organs
chest and rib cage compress inferior
belly projected forward and down like dead weight
common in obese individuals and suffering from depression

A

collapsed breathing

58
Q

entire outer layer of body contracts to constrict and suppress the rising movements of breath
breath holding and tension
stressful situations and cold environment

A

frozen breathing

59
Q

abdomen contracts in on inspiration and out on expiration
confusing to the body

A

Reverse breathing

60
Q

signs of dysfunctional breathing

A

cranial movement of rib cage
inward movement of abdomen
movement of spine (flexion/ext)

61
Q

read slide 56

A

improper activation of core-stabilization during movements

62
Q

compromised breathing - you would normally want the chest and pelvis ___

A

parallel

63
Q

Anterior subluxation of rib

A

rib angle less prominent
anterior rib more prominent
restriction in expir/inspir

64
Q

Posterior subluxation of rib

A

rib angle more prominent
anterior rib less prominent
restriction in expir/inspir

65
Q

superior first rib subluxation

A

superior aspect of first rib elevated anterior to UFT
marked tenderness of superior aspect
restriction primarily in exhalation

CATA 437 final exam (6 decks)

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