thoracic spine and deformities

Question 1

what is the most common cause of thoracic back pain

Answer 1

inflammation of the muscles or soft tissue of the thoracic spine

Question 2

reasons why inflammation occurs

Answer 2

sprain or strain
sitting or standing in slouched position
using a backpack
sitting for a long time on a computer
lack of muscle strength

Question 3

what is overuse injury

Answer 3

Repeating a movement persistently that involves the thoracic part of the spine

Question 4

what are the accessory muscles for inspiration

Answer 4

Scalene
* Sternocleidomastoid,
* Pectoralis minor and major,
* Latissimus dorsi,
* Serratus anterior,
* Serratus posterior superior muscles

Question 5

describe thoracic outlet syndrome

Answer 5

is a term usedto describe the group of disorders that occur when there is a compression,injury,or irritation of the nerves or blood vessels in the lower back or chest area

Question 6

what nerves and blood vessels are affected in TOS

Answer 6

sub clavian vessels and
brachial plexus

Question 7

some causes of TOS

Answer 7

car accident
tumor,
loose body
ulnar nerve involvement
repetitive injuries from job

Question 8

types of TOS

Answer 8

Neurogenic
venous
arterial

Question 9

facts about the neurogenic disorders

Answer 9

caused by compression of the brachial plexus
symptoms include
numbness of the hand,
decreased size of the hand
pain,tickling etc numbness of the chest
raynauds phenomenon hand coldness

Question 10

what type of TOS is psuedoangina seen

Answer 10

neurogenic

Question 11

facts about the venous or paget -schroetter disease

Answer 11

compression of one or more of the veins under the clavicle is compressed leading to blood cloth

Question 12

symptoms of venous tos

Answer 12

dilated veins
swelling of the arms hands fingers
weakness of the arm and neck

Question 13

facts about the arterial tos

Answer 13

least common but most serious type caused by
congenital disorder
occurs when one of the arteries is compressed under the collarbone
symptoms
cold hands
poor blood circulation

Question 14

in physical examination what do we look out for in the observation

Answer 14

1.Posture
2.Cyanosis
3.Oedema
4.Paleness
5.Atrophy

Question 15

in physical examination what do we palpate

Answer 15

temperature changes
supraclavicular fossa
scalene muscle tenderness
trapezius muscles tenderness

Question 16

in physical exammination what do we look out for in neurological screening

Answer 16

mmt and flexibility in
Scalene
2.Pectoralis
major/minor
3.Levator scapulae
4.Sternocleidomastoid
5.Serratus anterior

Question 17

what are the tests for TOS

Answer 17

adson
wright
costoclavicular compression
roos test

Question 18

for adsons test what to we look out for to diagnose TOS

Answer 18

Decreased pulse cause o vascular compromise

Question 19

diff btw adson and wright

Answer 19

in adson theres an ipsilateral head rotation but in wright theres a contralateral head rotattion

Question 20

what is the positive sighn for costa clavicular test

Answer 20

reduce of radial palse

Question 21

when is surgery required for TOS

Answer 21

patients with arterial thoracic outlet syndrome

Question 22

reasons for surgery

Answer 22

to remove first rib
to repair any structural problems of the artery

Question 23

options available for surgery

Answer 23

scalenctomy
cervical sympathectomy
subclavian artery reconstruction

Question 24

indications for surgery

Answer 24

thrombosis
failure of conservative managements
atypical chest pain
hypersympathetic activity