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Kinesiology II - Test 1 > Thoracic Spine > Flashcards

Thoracic Spine Flashcards

0
Q

How does a compression fracture in the T/S present?

A

Anterior compression due to always being hunched over

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1
Q

How many articulations does the thoracic vertebrae have?

A

12

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2
Q

Explain the disc to vertebral height ratio in the T/S.

A

Smallest disc to vertebral height ratio - less movement

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3
Q

What is the shape of the disc in the T/S?

A

Wedge shaped - promotes T/S kyphosis

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4
Q

What are the four T/S joints?

A
  1. Interbody
  2. Costovertebral
  3. Costotransverse
  4. Facet joints
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5
Q

How are the facet joints oriented in the T/S?

A

Frontal plane (20 degrees from frontal plane)

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6
Q

Explain the joint capsule in the T/S.

A

More taught than the C/S and L/S

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7
Q

What two ligaments are the largest in the T/S?

A

Ligamentum flavum and ALL - limits mobility

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8
Q

What are the movements in the upper T/S?

A

Lateral flexion and rotation

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9
Q

What are the motions in the lower T/S?

A

Flexion

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10
Q

How is lateral flexion and rotation coupled in the upper T/S?

A

Ipsilateral - similar to C/S where side bending and rotation occur to the SAME side

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11
Q

How is lateral flexion and rotation coupled in the lower T/S?

A

Contralateral - same as the L/S where side bending and rotation occur to the OPPOSITE side

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12
Q

Describe left rotation with regards to the ribs.

A

Left ribs - flattened anteriorly and posteriorly convex

Right ribs - anteriorly convex and flattened posteriorly

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13
Q

Which way does the spinous process move with left rotation in the T/S?

A

To the right

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14
Q

Where is the line of gravity positioned in the T/S?

A

Anterior - promotes flexion (have to resist gravity by using our extensors)

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15
Q

Where is the thoracolumbar fascia located?

A

Surrounds erector spinae and multifidi

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16
Q

What is the function of the thoracolumbar fascia?

A

Compression and stability

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17
Q

What tendons are associated with the thoracolumbar fascia?

A

Lats and glut max

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18
Q

What are the deep erector spinae muscles?

A

Longissimus thoracis and iliocostalis

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19
Q

What is the function of the deep erector spinae?

A

Extension, ipsilateral flexion, and produce a posterior shear force (due to the LOG sitting anteriorly - have to work against gravity to keep body upright)

20
Q

What is the function of the superficial erector spinae?

A

Primary extensors and lateral flexion

21
Q

What is the flexion relaxation phenomenon?

A

Relaxation of erector spinae (2/3 of flexion ROM and have to rely on passive structures - muscle is stretched out and cannot contract as well so the erector spinae relax and ligaments get the blunt of the force to hold the body in position)

22
Q

What is the function of the multifidi?

A

Stabilization and rotation

23
Q

What is the function of the intertransversarii/rotatores?

A

Proprioceptive muscles

24
Q

What is the function of the thoracic cage?

A

Stability, protect organs, ventilation, and UE and LE muscle attachment

25
Q

How is scoliosis named?

A

Side of convexity (rib hump side)

26
Q

Describe rotation with regards to scoliosis.

A

Contralateral rotation - right scoliosis is due to left rotation in the spine

27
Q

Describe problems with right scoliosis.

A

Problems side bending to the right, muscles on the right are stretched, muscles on the left are shortened, and lung function can be impaired

28
Q

Explain the orientation of the costovertebral and costotransverse joints.

A

Lie in the same plane

29
Q

Describe the articulation of the T1-T6 costotransverse joints.

A

Convex on concave and rotation

30
Q

Describe the articulation of the T7-T10 costotransverse joints.

A

Flat and gliding (move more laterally during inspiration)

31
Q

Describe the articulation of the T11-T12 costotransverse joints.

A

No articulation

32
Q

Describe the articulation of the costovertebral joints.

A

Rotation and gliding

33
Q

Which costovertebral joints are the most mobile?

A

T1, T10, T11, and T12

34
Q

What does movement in the T/S depend on?

A

Types and angles of articulation, movement of manubriosternum, and elasticity of costal cartilages

35
Q

Describe the kinematics of the upper ribs.

A

Axes of rotation is closer to the frontal plane - movement occurs in the sagittal plane

36
Q

Describe the kinematics of the lower ribs.

A

Axes of rotation closer to the sagittal plane - movement occurs in the frontal plane

37
Q

Describe the kinematics of ribs 11 and 12.

A

Axes of rotation closer to the frontal plane

38
Q

Describe the kinematics of the 1st rib.

A

Movement at costotransverse joint - moves superiorly and posteriorly

39
Q

Describe the kinematics of ribs 2-7 with regards to the “pump handle”.

A

Movement superior and anterior - increases AP diameter

40
Q

Describe the kinematics of ribs 8-10 with regards to the “bucket handle”.

A

More motion laterally - increases lateral diameter

41
Q

With regards to the diaphragm, where do the costal fibers attach?

42
Q

With regards to the diaphragm, where do the crural fibers attach?

A

L1-L3 (act as a stabilizer)

43
Q

How does the diaphragm move during inspiration?

A

Descends which increases abdominal pressure and causes “bucket handle” of lower ribs

44
Q

What are primary inspiratory muscles?

A
  1. Intercostals - lift rib cage (recruited superiorly to inferiorly)
  2. Scalenes - lift first two ribs
45
Q

What occurs with COPD?

A

Flattened diaphragm - pulls ribs in and barrels the chest

46
Q

What is the problem with people who have COPD?

A

Problem getting air out

47
Q

How do people with COPD compensate when breathing?

A

Use of accessory muscles (SCM and scalenes) - also suck their stomach in to increase abdominal pressure to try to expel air out

Kinesiology II - Test 1 (4 decks)

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