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Kinesiology II - Test 1 > Cervical Spine > Flashcards

Cervical Spine Flashcards

0
Q

What does the ALL limit?

A

Extension

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1
Q

What is continuous of the anterior atlanto-occipital and atlantoaxial membrane?

A

Anterior longitudinal ligament

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2
Q

What is continuous of the tectorial ligament?

A

Posterior longitudinal ligament

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4
Q

What does the tectorial ligament limit?

A

Forward flexion

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5
Q

What is the function of the PLL?

A

Keeps disc from moving posteriorly which is why you don’t get a lot of posterior disc displacements in the C/S

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6
Q

What are the upper cervical vertebrae?

A

C1 and C2

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7
Q

What is the C1 vertebrae called?

A

Atlas

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8
Q

What is the C2 vertebrae called?

A

Axis

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9
Q

What are the lower cervical vertebrae?

A

C3-C7

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10
Q

What is the shape of the atlas facets?

A

Superior facets - concave

Inferior facets - convex

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11
Q

What is the shape of the occiput?

A

Convex

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12
Q

Which vertebrae has the dens?

A

Axis

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13
Q

What plane do the superior facets of the atlas sit in and what do they do?

A

Horizontal plane - aid in rotation

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14
Q

How are the inferior facets of the atlas oriented?

A

45* from the horizontal plane

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15
Q

How are the superior and inferior facets of the axis oriented?

A

Superior - upward and laterally

Inferior - anteriorly

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16
Q

What is the function of the transverse ligament?

A

Prevents anterior displacement of C1 on C2

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17
Q

What two conditions have decreased integrity of the transverse ligament?

A

RA and Down syndrome

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18
Q

What is the function of the alar ligament?

A

Tighten with flexion, limits lateral flexion to the opposite (contralateral) side, and limits rotation to both sides

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19
Q

What is the function of the L alar ligament?

A

R rotation

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20
Q

How many degrees does the alar ligament allow for rotation?

A

20*

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21
Q

In which direction is the IV disc thickest in the C/S?

A

Anteriorly

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22
Q

In which direction is the annulus minimal in the C/S?

A

Laterally

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23
Q

In which direction are the discs most commonly displaced in the C/S?

A

Anteriorly

24
Q

In which section of the spine contain the joints of Luschka?

A

C/S

25
Q

When is the annulus stressed in the C/S?

A

Extension - different than the lumbar spine where annulus is stressed with flexion and rotation

26
Q

Damage to what ligament is usually associated with disc herniations in the C/S?

A

PLL

27
Q

What is the orientation of the facet joints in the lower cervical region?

A

45* from the horizontal plane

28
Q

What occurs during extension in the lower C/S?

A

Inferior glide of the facet with posterior tilt and posterior translation

29
Q

What are the functions of the C/S?

A

Motion and protects the spinal cord

30
Q

What is the shape of the atlanto-occipital joint and what motion does it do?

A

Convex on concave - “yes”

31
Q

What occurs during flexion of the OA joint?

A

Occipital rolls forward and glides posteriorly

32
Q

What is ROM for the OA joint?

A

10-30*

33
Q

What does the atlantoaxial (AA) joint do?

A

Rotation - “no”

34
Q

What is ROM for the AA joint?

A

45* to both sides - 55-58% of total motion

35
Q

What occurs during flexion?

A

Anterior tilt and anterior glide

36
Q

What occurs during extension?

A

Posterior tilt and posterior translation

37
Q

What occurs during rotation?

A

Coupled with ipsilateral lateral flexion

38
Q

What occurs during lateral flexion?

A

Coupled with ipsilateral rotation

39
Q

What occur to the same side in the C/S?

A

Side bending and rotation

40
Q

What limits extension?

A

Facet joints and discs

41
Q

What limits flexion?

A

Posterior ligaments between the spinous processes

42
Q

What is the action of the trapezius?

A

Extension, ipsilateral lateral flexion, and contralateral rotation

43
Q

What is the function of the levator scapulae?

A

Ipsilateral flexion and rotation, produces posterior sheer, and increases activity with forward head

44
Q

What muscle pulls the vertebrae posteriorly?

A

Levator scapulae

45
Q

What muscles provide compression to stabilize the C/S?

A

Anterior muscles

46
Q

What is the function of the scalenes?

A

Frontal plane stabilizers, assist with breathing, flexion, ipsilateral flexion, and contralateral rotation

47
Q

What two muscles work together?

A

Levator scapulae and scalenes

48
Q

What is the function of the longissimus capitis and cervicis?

A

Compression, stabilize head, and frontal plane stabilizers

49
Q

What are two important muscles to strengthen in order to stabilize our head?

A

Longissimus capitis and cervicis

50
Q

What is the function of the suboccipital muscles?

A

Occipital extension, ipsilateral rotation, lateral flexion, proprioceptive, and fine tune motion

51
Q

What is the function of the splenius capitis and cervicis?

A

Extension and ipsilateral rotation

52
Q

What muscles are the prime movers?

A

Splenius capitis and cervicis

53
Q

Are the splenius capitis and cervicis active at rest?

A

No

54
Q

What muscles are a common source of headaches?

A

Splenius capitis and cervicis

55
Q

What is the function of the SCM?

A

Ipsilateral lateral flexion and contralateral rotation

56
Q

What is the function of the longus capitis and colli?

A

Compression of the C/S and stabilizers that work with the upper trapezius

59
Q

What is another name for the posterior longitudinal ligament?

A

Tectorial ligament

Kinesiology II - Test 1 (4 decks)

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