Thoracic Region Flashcards
What features will allow discrimination between T2-T4 and T5-T8 segmental groups?
the vertebral body, transverse process, articular process and spinous process
What is the outline of the vertebral body of a typical thoracic from superior view?
triangular
On cranial view, what is the outline of the vertebral body for the T5-T8 group?
the left side of the vertebral body will be flattened, the right side convex
What is the name given to the left side appearance of the vertebral body of T5-T8?
the aortic impression
What part of the vertebral body is most influenced by the aorta at T5-T8?
the left side superior and inferior epiphyseal rims
What is the height pattern of the typical thoracic vertebral body?
the posterior height is greater than the anterior height by one to two millimeters
What is the height pattern of intervertebral discs in the typical thoracic region?
the intervertebral discs are rather planar of flat with no apparent height difference between anterior and posterior heights
What is the principal cause of the posterior curve of the thoracic spine?
the vertebral body height difference
What is another way of naming a posterior curve pattern?
a kyphotic curve
What joint classification are identified at the vertebral body of a typical thoracic?
fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis,
cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) symphysis,
synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodia)
How many synovial joints are formed at the vertebral body of a typical thoracic?
four
How many symphysis joints are formed with the vertebral body of a typical thoracic?
two
How many syndesmosis joints are formed at the vertebral body of a typical thoracic?
typically four are identified
as many as eight if the costocentral stellate/radiate ligaments are included
How many costocentral joints are formed at the vertebral body of a typical thoracic?
four
Which of the demi-facets on the vertebral body of a typical thoracic is larger?
the superior costal demi-facet
What feature will provide assistance in maintaining the stability of the intervertebral foramen in the typical thoracics?
the costocentral joint or ribs
What ligaments support the costocentral joint?
the costocentral stellate/radiate ligament
and the costocentral interarticular or intra-articular ligament
What does the costocentral intra-articular or interarticular ligament connect to?
the interarticular or intra-articular crest of the head of the rib and the intervertebral disc
What is the size relation between the articulating surface of the head of the rib and the costal-demi facet surface?
the rib surface is greater than the costal demi-facet surface
Which muscles(s) is attached to the vertebral body of T2 or T3?
longus colli
What is the position and direction of the pedicle from the typical thoracic vertebral body?
the pedicle arises from the upper third of the vertebral body and project posterior and slightly laterally
What is the angulation of the pedicle in the typical thoracic region?
ten to fifteen degrees posterolateral from the sagittal plane
Which X-ray view is used to see into the intervertebral foramen of a typical thoracic?
lateral view
What is overlap of the lamnia called in the typical thoracic region?
shingling
What is the outline of the vertebral foramen in the typical thoracic region?
oval to circular
In which plane will the size of the vertebral foramen of a typical thoracic be greatest?
the transverse plane, the vertebral transverse diameter
What is present on the transverse tubercle of a typical thoracic?
the transverse costal facet
What are the osseous parts of the costotransverse joint?
the transverse costal facet and the articular surface of the tubercle of a rib
What ligaments support the costotransverse joint of a typical thoracic?
superior costotransverse,
inferior costotransverse,
lateral costotransverse ligaments
Which muscles may attach to the transverse process of a typical thoracic?
longissimus thoracis, longissimus cervicis, longissimus capitis, semispinalis thoracis, semi spinalis cervicis, semi spinalis capitis, multifidis, rotator longus, rotator brevis, intertransversarii, levator costarum longus, and levator costarum brevis
How can you distinguish between a T2-T4 from T5-T8 segment using the articular process?
at T2-T4 the width between the superior articular processes is greater than the width between the inferior articular process of the vertebra
at T5-T8 the width between the superior articular process is equal to or the same width between the inferior articular process of that vertebra
What is the orientation of the superior articular facet of a typical thoracic?
they face backward, upward, and lateral (BUL)
What is the orientation of the inferior articular facet of a typical thoracic?
they face backward, downward, and medial (ForMeD)
How many synovial joint are present at a typical thoracic ?
ten
How many synovial joint surfaces for the ribs are present on a typical thoracic?
six
Identify the synovial joint surfaces for ribs that are present on a typical thoracic
two superior costal demi-facets,
two inferior costal demi-facets,
two transverse costal facets
What is the name given to the overlap of spinous processess in the thoracic region?
imbrication
What is imbrication?
the overalap of spinous processes
Imbrication will be more pronounced for what region of the thoracics?
T5-T8
Which thoracic has the longest spinous process?
T8
What is the angulation of the spinous process in the typical thoracic region?
the undersurface of T2-T4 spinous process will angle up forty degrees from the horizontal plane
the undersurface of T5-T8 spinous process will angle up sixty degrees from the horizontal plane
Which muscles may attach to the spinous process of a typical thoracic?
trapezius, latissimus dorsi, rhomboig major, serratus posterior superior,
splenius cervicis, splenius capitis,
spinalis thoracis, spinalis cervicis, spinalis captis,
semispinalis thoracis,
multifidis,
rotator longus, rotator brevis, interspinalis
