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Spinal Anatomy Test 2 > Facet Orientation and Spondylosis/Spondylolsis/Spondylolisthesis > Flashcards

Facet Orientation and Spondylosis/Spondylolsis/Spondylolisthesis Flashcards

1
Q

Superior articular facets of which vertebrae will be orientated backward, upward, and medial?

A

C1, C3-C7, L1-L5, S1

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2
Q

Superior articular facets of which segments will be orientated backward, upward, and lateral?

A

C2, T1-T12

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3
Q

Inferior articular facets of which segments will be orientated backward, medial, and downward?

A

C1

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4
Q

Inferior articular facets of which segments will be otientated forward, lateral, and downward?

A

C2-C6, T12, L1-L5

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5
Q

Inferior articular facets of which segments will be orientated foward, medial, and downward?

A

C7, T1-T11

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6
Q

Which segment has the only inferior articular facet to face backward?

A

C1

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7
Q

What is the definition of spondylosis?

A

a vertebral condition

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8
Q

What is the definition of spondylolysis?

A

a vertebral separation or vertebral cleavage

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9
Q

What is the definition of spondylolisthesis?

A

a vertebral slippage

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10
Q

What is the location of spondylolysis that will be stressed in spinal II?

A

a separation along the parts interarticularis (defect in the pars interarticularis or pars defect?

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11
Q

What is the incidence of spondylolysis in the general population?

A

2.6% - 10%

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12
Q

What is the geographic or ethnic bias for a high incidence of spondylolysis?

A

native Alaskan (Inuit) population

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13
Q

What does the lumbar spondylolysis appear to be related to?

A

the uniquely human upright stance/erect posture

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14
Q

Lumbar spondylolysis is associated with what characteristics?

A

familial association, spina bifida occulata, racial/ethnic disparities, gender and locational bias, youthful incidence and activities requiring the repetitive stress on the spine

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15
Q

What is the age range typically associated the lumbar spondylolysis?

A

10-20 year olds

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16
Q

What activities are particularly stressful at the pars interarticularis of lumbar vertebrae?

A

gymnastics, dance, soccer

17
Q

What fills the space in lumbar spondylolysis?

A

fibrocartilagenous material

18
Q

What nme has been given to the material filling the space in a lumbar spondylolysis?

A

spondylolysis ligament

19
Q

What types of neural function(s) have been associated with the spondylolysis ligament?

A

nociception, neuromodulation and autonomic function

20
Q

What is the appearance of the lumbar vertebra upon oblique x-ray view?

A

a Scotty dog

21
Q

What is the appearance of a spondylolysis in a lumbar vertebra upon oblique x-ray?

A

a collard Scotty dog

22
Q

In an oblique x-ray, spondylolysis below the superior articular process of lumbar pars interarticularis is associated with what part of the Scotty dog?

A

the neck of the Scotty dog

23
Q

What part of the lumbar vertebra forms the eye of a Scotty dog?

A

the pedicle

24
Q

What part of a lumbar vertebra forms the ear of the Scotty dog?

A

superior articular process

25
Q

What part of the lumbar vertebra forms the nose of the Scotty dog?

A

transverse process

26
Q

What characteristics are associated with cervical spondylolysis?

A

rare, congenital, gender bias towards men, most common at C6 and linked to spondylolisthesis and spina bifida

27
Q

What characteristics are associated with sacral spondylolysis?

A

rare in the general population, within typical percents in the native Alaskan (Inuit) population,
seems to be acquired, gender biased toward men,
most common at S1 and linked to activities such as kayaking and harpooning

28
Q

Identify all names given to type I spondylolisthesis

A

dysplastic spondylolisthesis, congenital spondylolisthesis

29
Q

What is the locational bias of type I spondylolisthesis?

A

L5 or upper sacral segments

30
Q

What additional conditions are linked to type I spondylolisthesis?

A

spina bifida occulata and nerve root compression of the S1 nerve

31
Q

What gender bias, locational bias, and spinal canal dimension are associated with type II spondylolisthesis?

A

isthmic spondylolisthesis is common in men,
located at the L5/S1 level,
and demonstrates an increase in sagittal diameter of the spinal canal

32
Q

What gender bias, locational bias, and spinal canal dimension are associated with type III spondylolisthesis?

A

degenerative spondylolisthesis is more common in women,
particularly at L4/L5,
and demonstrates no change in sagittal diameters of the spinal cord

33
Q

What causes type IV spondylolithesis?

A

fracture of the neural arch components

34
Q

What are the causes associated with type V spondylolisthesis?

A

bone disease such as Paget disease or osteogenesis imperfects

Spinal Anatomy Test 2 (15 decks)

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