Facet Orientation and Spondylosis/Spondylolsis/Spondylolisthesis Flashcards
Superior articular facets of which vertebrae will be orientated backward, upward, and medial?
C1, C3-C7, L1-L5, S1
Superior articular facets of which segments will be orientated backward, upward, and lateral?
C2, T1-T12
Inferior articular facets of which segments will be orientated backward, medial, and downward?
C1
Inferior articular facets of which segments will be otientated forward, lateral, and downward?
C2-C6, T12, L1-L5
Inferior articular facets of which segments will be orientated foward, medial, and downward?
C7, T1-T11
Which segment has the only inferior articular facet to face backward?
C1
What is the definition of spondylosis?
a vertebral condition
What is the definition of spondylolysis?
a vertebral separation or vertebral cleavage
What is the definition of spondylolisthesis?
a vertebral slippage
What is the location of spondylolysis that will be stressed in spinal II?
a separation along the parts interarticularis (defect in the pars interarticularis or pars defect?
What is the incidence of spondylolysis in the general population?
2.6% - 10%
What is the geographic or ethnic bias for a high incidence of spondylolysis?
native Alaskan (Inuit) population
What does the lumbar spondylolysis appear to be related to?
the uniquely human upright stance/erect posture
Lumbar spondylolysis is associated with what characteristics?
familial association, spina bifida occulata, racial/ethnic disparities, gender and locational bias, youthful incidence and activities requiring the repetitive stress on the spine
What is the age range typically associated the lumbar spondylolysis?
10-20 year olds
What activities are particularly stressful at the pars interarticularis of lumbar vertebrae?
gymnastics, dance, soccer
What fills the space in lumbar spondylolysis?
fibrocartilagenous material
What nme has been given to the material filling the space in a lumbar spondylolysis?
spondylolysis ligament
What types of neural function(s) have been associated with the spondylolysis ligament?
nociception, neuromodulation and autonomic function
What is the appearance of the lumbar vertebra upon oblique x-ray view?
a Scotty dog
What is the appearance of a spondylolysis in a lumbar vertebra upon oblique x-ray?
a collard Scotty dog
In an oblique x-ray, spondylolysis below the superior articular process of lumbar pars interarticularis is associated with what part of the Scotty dog?
the neck of the Scotty dog
What part of the lumbar vertebra forms the eye of a Scotty dog?
the pedicle
What part of a lumbar vertebra forms the ear of the Scotty dog?
superior articular process
What part of the lumbar vertebra forms the nose of the Scotty dog?
transverse process
What characteristics are associated with cervical spondylolysis?
rare, congenital, gender bias towards men, most common at C6 and linked to spondylolisthesis and spina bifida
What characteristics are associated with sacral spondylolysis?
rare in the general population, within typical percents in the native Alaskan (Inuit) population,
seems to be acquired, gender biased toward men,
most common at S1 and linked to activities such as kayaking and harpooning
Identify all names given to type I spondylolisthesis
dysplastic spondylolisthesis, congenital spondylolisthesis
What is the locational bias of type I spondylolisthesis?
L5 or upper sacral segments
What additional conditions are linked to type I spondylolisthesis?
spina bifida occulata and nerve root compression of the S1 nerve
What gender bias, locational bias, and spinal canal dimension are associated with type II spondylolisthesis?
isthmic spondylolisthesis is common in men,
located at the L5/S1 level,
and demonstrates an increase in sagittal diameter of the spinal canal
What gender bias, locational bias, and spinal canal dimension are associated with type III spondylolisthesis?
degenerative spondylolisthesis is more common in women,
particularly at L4/L5,
and demonstrates no change in sagittal diameters of the spinal cord
What causes type IV spondylolithesis?
fracture of the neural arch components
What are the causes associated with type V spondylolisthesis?
bone disease such as Paget disease or osteogenesis imperfects
