Thoracic osteology Flashcards
What makes up the thoracic cage?
12 pairs of ribs and costal cartilages
12 thoracic vertebrae and intervertebral discs
Sternum
What do the costal cartilages do?
Joins ribs to sternum and gives elasticity to thoracic cage
What makes up the sternum?
Manubrium
Body
Xiphoid process/Xipheristernum
What happens to the xiphoid process as we age?
It ossifies (turns from cartilage to bone)
What are the 12 vertebrae associated with the thoracic cage ?
T1 - T12
What structures line the superior thoracic aperture?
Manubrium
T1 vertebra
1st ribs and costal cartilages
What structures line the inferior thoracic aperture?
Xiphoid process
Costal margin
11th and 12th ribs
T12 vertebra
What are the true ribs ?
1-7
What are the false ribs ?
8-10
What is the name given to ribs 11-12 ?
Floating ribs
What is the anatomy of a typical rib?
Head with 2 demifacets Neck Tubercle Angle Costal groove Body / shaft
What are the atypical ribs?
1,2,10,11,12
What are the characteristics of rib one?
Short and wide
Grooves for subclavian artery and vein
Tubercles for scalene muscle attachment
1(whole) facet head
What are the characteristics of rib two?
Tubercles for serratus anterior muscle attachment
What are the characteristics of rib 10?
1 (whole) facet on head
What are the characteristics of ribs 11 and 12?
1 (whole) facet on head
They are floating ribs
No necks or tubercles
What passes through the vertebral foramen of the thoracic vertebrae?
Spinal cord
What space in the vertebrae allows the spinal nerve to pass through ?
Intervertebral foramen
What do the zygopophyseal joints influence ?
Movement
What absorbs shock in the vertebral column?
Intervertebral joints
What makes up annulus fibrosus?
Fibrous layers, resists distension of nuculus pulposus
What are the 2 layers of the intervertebral discs ?
Annulus fibrosus
Nuculus pulposus
What level is the xiphisternal joint symphysised at ?
T9 vertebra
What landmark is the sternal angle a good marker for?
2nd rib
