Intercostal structures Flashcards
What as we breath in during quite inspiration ?
- Diaphragm contracts (dome lowers)
- External intercostal muscles raise the ribs
- Thoracic volume increases
- Intrapleural pressure decreases
What happens as we breath out during passive expiration?
- Diaphragm relaxes (dome rises)
- No muscle contraction
- Thoracic volume decreases
- Intrapleural pressure increases
- Lungs recoil due to elasticity
What increases in the bucket handle action?
Transverse dimension
What increases during the pump handle action?
Anteroposterior dimension
What way do external intercostal run ?
Inferoanteriorly from rib a move to run below (hands in pockets)
What way do internal intercostal run?
Inferoposteriorly from rib above to rib below
What do interchondral parts of the internal intercostal muscle do?
Aid inspiration
What innervates the intercostal muscles?
Intercostal nerves
Nams the 3 other muscles that depress the ribs
Transversus thoracis
Innermost intercostals
Subcostals
What accessory muscles can aid forced respiration ? (5)
Pectoral muscles Serratus anterior muscles Sternocleidomastoid muscles Scalene muscles Abdominal muscles
When is the diaphragm the highest ?
In the supine position
What is the name given to difficulty breathing ?
Dyspnoea
How many nerves are there coming from the spinal cord ?
31 pairs
How many pairs of cranial nerves are there ?
12 pairs
What are plexuses?
Network of nerves, form when structures merge and move during development and carry nerves with them
What nerves make up the cervical plexus?
C1 - C4
What nerves make up the brachial plexus?
C5 - T1
What nerves are referred to as the intercostal nerves ?
T1 - T11
What nerve makes up the subcostal nerves ?
T12
What nerves make up the lumbar and sacral plexuses?
L1 - S4
What plexus do S4 - Co1 nerves form?
Coccygeal plexus
Where do the thoracic nerves run?
Along the inferior border of the rib (costal groove)
What is the name given to the area of skin supplied by a single spinal nerve ?
Dermatome
What do dorsal rami do?
— Give sensation to the back
— Motor innervation to intrinsic back muscles that keep us upright
What area is the nipple along ?
T4 dermatome
What nerve is in line with the xiphoid process ?
T6
What nerve is in line with the belly button?
T10 (bellybutten)
What do the ventral rami T1 - T12 supply?
Intercostal muscles
Abdominal muscles
What are the three branches that supply the strip of skin?
Posterior cutaneous branch
Lateral cutaneous branch
Anterior cutaneous branch
Where do the posterior intercostal arteries come from?
The aorta
What are the 2 terminal arteries the internal thoracic artery subdivides into?
Musculophrenic artery
Superior epigastric artery
What is an anastomoses ?
Communication between vessels
