Thoracic neoplasms Flashcards
What is a Bronchial Carcinoid?>
a low grade malignancy that secretes hormones, symptoms mimic Cushings
MC primary lung tumor in PTs less than 16 yo
80% occur in lobar bronchi
What are the radiographic findings of bronchial carcinoids?
small peripheral nodule; associated signs due to bronchial obstruction
What is a bronchiogenic carcinoma?
aggressive carcinoma in the epithelial tissue of the bronchi of the airway (not parenchyma)
leading cause of CA related death in US
What is bronchiogenic carcinoma correlated to?
MC cigarette smoke (90%)
2nd - Radon
How are bronchiogenic carcinomas categorized?
by location
What are examples of parenchymal lung cancer?
leiomyoma, fibroma, chondroma (usually benign)
What are the different types of Bronchogenic lung cancer and where are they located?
squamous cell (ex.pancoast) - apex
adenocarcinoma- periphery
small (oat) cell- hilum of lung; very agressive
You see a nodule in a lung, what should how do you differentiate between benign and malignant?
Location, age, size, calcification, growth rate, benign patterns of calcification
What percent of tumors over 3 cm are malignant?
85%
What radiographic finding rules out malignancy?
calcification, lung cancer rarely calcifies
what is the time for growth rate stabilization of a tumor?
over 2 years; rules out malignancy
What are the benign patterns of calcification?
Solid- most likely benign
central
laminated
stippled/ coma shaped
Peripheral lung cancer lesions are…?
lateral to the hilum, arise from 3rd or 4th order bonchi, appear as non-calcified nodule/mass, better prognosis than central
How is sputum helpful with diagnosis?
it indicates that the air fluid level of the lesion is communicating with the airway
Central lung cancer lesions …
60% MC, near hilum, present as hilar enlargement or secondary findings, arise from main, 2nd, 3rd bronchi, poor prognosis, loss of aortic knob border
