Circulation and the Heart Flashcards
What pathology generally accompanies congestive heart failure
pulmonary edema
What valves are generally involved with acquired valvular heart disease and what pathologies is it secondary to?
mitral and aortic valves
secondary to: arteriosclerosis
hypertension (MC in US)
rheumatic fever (MC developing countries)
How is acquired valvular heart disease visualized on radiograph?
changes in size &/or shape of heart shadow
How is heart pathology diagnosed on radiography?
transverse diameter of heart measures larger than measurement from spinous to chest wall (hemidiaphragm)
What are moguls?
bulges of the cardiomedialstinal contour
How many moguls are normal and what are the normal moguls caused by?
3 moguls are normal
1st aortic knob/arch
2nd pulmonary trunk
3rd left ventricle
What causes the 4th abnormal mogul and where is it seen?
4th mogul: left atrial enlargement
located between 2nd and 3rd mogul
yAt what size should a patient be evaluated with an aortic thoracic aneurysm? and at what measurement is peak incidence for rupture?
evaluate at 3 cm
peak rupture @ 7 cm
What are the 2 types of aortic aneurysms?
saccular (20%)
fusiform (80%)
What constitutes a true aortic aneurysm?
if all layers are involved: tunica intima, media, adventitia
Where is the most common location of aortic aneurysms?
descending thoracic aorta (50%) ; due to atherosclerosis
What are the 3 most common arteries involved with aortic aneurysm?
- aortic artery
- common iliac artery
- splenic artery
What are the radiographic findings of aortic dissection?
mass following contour of vessel *contour change *
mediastinal widening, cardiomegaly, pleural effusion
What are the causes of aortic dissection?
CAMPS Congenital Atherosclerosis (MC) Mycosis Post traumatic Syphilis
