Thoracic & Lumbar Spinal Mechanics

Question 1

What is the rules of three?

Answer 1

T1-3 = SP and TP same height
T4-6= SP is 1/2 below the TP
T6-9= Sp process is 1 below it
T10 is the same a 9
T11 is halfway,
T12 is same height

Question 2

Spine of the scapula landmarks what vertebra?

Answer 2

T3 spinous process

T3 transverse process

Question 3

Inferior angle of the scapula landmarks what vertebra?

Answer 3

Spinous process of T7

Transverse process of T8

Question 4

Iliac crest landmarks what vertebra?

Answer 4

Level of L4 vertebra

Question 5

Superior Facet Orientation for Cervical?

Answer 5

Backwards
Upwards
Medial

Question 6

Superior Facet Orientation for Thoracic?

Answer 6

Backwards
Upwards
Lateral

Question 7

Superior Facet Orientation for Lumbar?

Answer 7

Backwards

Medial

Question 8

Which ligament of spine resists extension?

Answer 8

Anterior Longitudinal Ligament

Question 9

Which ligament of spine Resists hyperflexion

Answer 9

Posterior Longitudinal Ligament

Question 10

Which ligament of spine Prevents posterior herniation of nucleus pulposus

Answer 10

Posterior Longitudinal Ligament

Question 11

For a one level dysfunction you expect which muscle to be responsible?

Answer 11

Rotatores m.

Question 12

Which muscles affect multiple segments in the spine?

Answer 12

Semispinalis and multifidus

Question 13

the facets open in what motion?

Answer 13

flexion, If a facet is dysfunctionally open, and won’t close, the vertebra is flexed

Question 14

the facets close in what motion?

Answer 14

extension

Question 15

Motion with a stuck open facet?

Answer 15

Sidebend and rotate away

Question 16

Motion with a stuck closed facet?

Answer 16

Sidebend and rotate toward

Question 17

When did Fryette publish his principles of spinal motion?

Answer 17

1918

Question 18

What is Fryette type one?

Answer 18

In the neutral range (not flexed or extended), sidebending and rotation are coupled in opposite directions
Tends to be a group of vertebra (≥ 2)
Semispinalis and multifidus affect multiple segments

Question 19

What is a Fryette Type two?

Answer 19

In sufficient flexion or extension (non-neutral), sidebending and rotation are coupled in the same direction
Rotation is towards the concavity
Tends to be a single vertebra
Rotatores muscles affect a single segment
Facet model would apply

Question 20

What is Fryette’s third principle?

Answer 20

Initiating movement of a vertebral segment in any plane of motion will modify the movement of that segment in other planes of motion