Posture and Gait Flashcards
Anterior Landmarks for posture head
Eyes
Ears
Nose/Nostrils
Angles of Jaw
Anterior Static Posture UE and trunk
Larger neck muscles Shoulders bone (Acromion) Collar bone (Clavicle) Carriage of arms Finger tips length
Anterior Static Posture LE and Pelvis
Angle of rib cage Belly button (Umbilicus) Pelvic Bones (Illiac crests) Hip bone (Greater Trochanter) must palpate Knee Ankle
Posterior Static Posture Screen Landmarks upper trunk and head
Ears Cervical spine paravertebral muscle mass Slope of shoulders Tips of the shoulder Bottom angle of shoulder blade
Posterior Static Posture Screen Landmarks lower trunk and LE
Spinal alignment Para spinal muscles Pelvis (Iliac crests) Hip bones (greater trochanter) Knee (popliteal space) Ankles
Section of back in Lordosis
Cervical
Lumbar
Sections of back in Kyphosis
Thoracic
Sacrum
What is stance phase
Heel strike to preswing (foot down)
What is swing phase
Toe off to terminal swing
Ataxic gait cause and description
Neurologic Etiology Effects both legs (Bilateral) Wide base, irregular steps Lack of balance/proprioception Due to alcohol intoxication or damage to balance centers of brain/spinal cord
Hemiparesis cause and description
Neurologic Etiology Hemiparesis: loss of function Effects one leg (Unilateral) Will drag/pull limbs stuck in spasm Arm is flexed Leg extended (circumduction) Due to damage to motor control of brain
Scissor Gait cause and description
Neurologic Etiology
Bilateral
Leg muscles stiff due to spasm with knees pointing inward
Legs and foot commonly crosses midline
Due to damage at motor part of spinal cord
Steppage Gait/Foot Drop cause and description
Neurologic Etiology
Unilateral
“Hiking” = bending at hip/knee to raise leg higher
Clear weak foot during swing phase
Due to weakness in a specific nerve causing inability to raise the foot
Parkinsonian gait cause and description
Neurologic Etiology
Bilateral
Stiff and stooped over with tremors
Short shuffling gait that speeds up involuntarily (Fenstrating)
Due to damage muscle tone/movement initiation center of brain
Waddling Gait/Trendelenburg Gait cause and description
Musculoskeletal Etiology Bilateral Duck like waddle Trunk shifts toward stance leg Hip drops on swing leg Due to trunk and leg muscular weakness/pathology
