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Gross Anatomy > Thoracic Limb Muscles-Muscle to Details > Flashcards

Thoracic Limb Muscles-Muscle to Details Flashcards

1
Q

Superficial pectoral

A

Origin: first three sternebrae; median fibrous raphe at the ventral midline

Insertion: crest of the greater tubercle of the humerus

Action: adduct the limb when not weight bearing; prevent abduction of the limb when weight bearing

transverse and descending parts

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2
Q

Deep pectoral

A

Origin: ventral part of sternum; median fibrous raphe at the ventral midline

Insertion: lesser tubercle of the humerus (major portion); greater tubercle and crest of the humerus via aponeurosis

Action: pull trunk cranially when limb is advanced; extend shoulder; draw limb caudally when not weight bearing

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3
Q

Brachiocephalicus

A

Origin: clavicular intersection

Insertion: distal end of cranial humerus (cleidobrachialis); middorsal fibrous raphe of the neck (cleidocervicalis of the cleidocephalicus); mastoid part of the temporal bone (cleidomastoideous of the cleidocephalicus)

Action: advance the limb; extend shoulder; draw head and neck to the side

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4
Q

Omotransversarius

A

Origin: wing of the atlas (cervical vertebra 1)

Insertion: distal end of the spine of the scapula

Action: advance the limb; flex the neck laterally

has the superficial cervical lymph node deep to it

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5
Q

Trapezius

A

Origin: median fibrous raphe of the neck; supraspinous ligament

Insertion: spine of the scapula

Action: elevate and abduct the limb

cervical and thoracic parts

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6
Q

Rhomboideous

A

Origin: base of the skull (capitis); median fibrous raphe of the neck (cervicis); spinous processes of thoracic vertebrae (thoracis)

Insertion: dorsal border of scapula

Action: elevate the limb; draw scapula against trunk

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7
Q

Lastissimus dorsi

A

Origin: thoracolumbar fascia; last few ribs

Insertion: teres major tuberosity of the humerus via the teres major tendon

Action: draw limb caudally; flex shoulder

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8
Q

Serratus ventralis

A

Origin: ribs; transverse processes of cervical vertebrae

Insertion: serrated face of the scapula

Action: support trunk; depress scapula

often referred to as the sling muscle; has cervical and thoracic parts

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9
Q

Deltoideous

A

Origin: spine and acromion of the scapula

Insertion: deltoid tuberosity of the humerus

Action: flex shoulder

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10
Q

Infraspinatus

A

Origin: infraspinous fossa of the scapula

Insertion: lateral side of the greater tubercle of the humerus

Action: laterally stabilizes the shoulder (prevent medial rotation when weight bearing); abduct and laterally rotate shoulder; assists in extension or flexion of the shoulder

has a subtendinous bursa

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11
Q

Teres minor

A

Origin: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula; distal caudal border of scapula

Insertion: teres minor tuberosity of the humerus

Action: laterally stabilizes the shoulder (prevent medial rotation when weight bearing); laterally rotate shoulder; flex shoulder

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12
Q

Supraspinatous

A

Origin: supraspinous fossa of the scapula

Insertion: greater tubercle of the humerus via a thick tendon

Action: laterally stabilizes the shoulder (prevent medial rotation when weight bearing); extend shoulder

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13
Q

Subscapularis

A

Origin: subscapular fossa of the scapula

Insertion: lesser tubercle of the humerus

Action: medially stabilizes the shoulder (prevent lateral rotation when weight bearing); adduct shoulder; extend shoulder

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14
Q

Teres major

A

Origin: caudal angle and border of the scapula; subscapularis muscle

Insertion: trees major tuberosity of the humerus

Action: flex shoulder; rotate limb medially

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15
Q

Coracobrachialis

A

Origin: coracoid process of the scapula

Insertion: crest of the lesser tubercle of the humerus; near the teres major tuberosity

Action: shoulder stabilizer

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16
Q

Tensor fascia antebrachii

A

Origin: fascia covering the lateral surface of the latissimus dorsi muscle

Insertion: olecranon of the ulna

Action: extend elbow

17
Q

Triceps brachii

A

Origin: caudal border of scapula (long head); tricipital line and proximal humerus (lateral, medial and accessory heads)

Insertion: olecranon of the ulna

Action: flex shoulder (long head); extend elbow (all heads)

18
Q

Anconeous

A

Origin: lateral supracondylar crest of the humerus; lateral and medial epicondyles of the humerus

Insertion: proximal and lateral aspects of the ulna

Action: extend elbow

19
Q

Biceps brachii

A

Origin: supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula

Insertion: radial and ulnar tuberosities

Action: extend shoulder; flex elbow

  • has transverse humeral retinaculum, tendon of origin, and subtendinous bursa*
  • lacertus fibrosus of horse is the long tendon of the biceps brachii associated with the stay apparatus*
20
Q

Brachialis

A

Origin: brachialis groove of the humerus

Insertion: radial and ulnar tuberosities

Action: flex elbow

21
Q

Extensor carpii radialis

A

Origin: lateral supracondylar crest of the humerus

Insertion: metacarpal tuberosities (dorsal aspect) of MC II and III

Action: extend carpus

22
Q

Common digital extensor

A

Origin: lateral epicondyle of the humerus

Insertion: extensor processes (bases) of the distal phalanges II-V

Action: extend carpus and digits

23
Q

Lateral digital extensor

A

Origin: lateral epicondyle of the humerus

Insertion: extensor processes (bases) of the distal phalanges III-V

Action: extend carpus and digits

24
Q

Ulnaris lateralis

A

Origin: lateral epicondyle of the humerus

Insertion: lateral aspect of the base of MC V; accessory carpal bone

Action: abduct the carpus; flex carpus

25
Q

Supinator

A

Origin: lateral epicondyle of the humerus

Insertion: cranial aspect of the proximal radius

Action: supination

not present in large animals

26
Q

Pronator teres

A

Origin: medial epicondyle of the humerus

Insertion: medial border of the radius

Action: pronation

not present in large animals

27
Q

Abductor pollicis longus

A

Origin: lateral and cranial border of the ulna; interposes membrane between the radius and ulna

Insertion: proximal end of MC I

Action: abduct digit I

28
Q

Flexor carpi radialis

A

Origin: medial epicondyle of the humerus; medial border o the radius

Insertion: palmar surface of base of MC II and III

Action: flex carpus

29
Q

Superficial digital extensor

A

Origin: medial epicondyle of the humerus

Insertion: palmar surface of the bases of middle phalanges II-V

Action: flex carpus and digits

  • flexor manica where the DDF and SDF switch orientations*
  • annular ligaments hold down the tendons of the SDF and DDF*
  • horse has the proximal check ligament from caudal and distal aspect of the radius to the tendon of SDF*
30
Q

Flexor carpi ulnaris

A

Origin: medial epicondyle of the humerus; caudal and medial aspect of the olecranon

Insertion: accessory carpal bone

Action: flex carpus

has ulnar and humeral heads

31
Q

Deep digital flexor

A

Origin: medial epicondyle of the humerus; ulna; radius

Insertion: flexor tubercle of the distal phalanx of each digit

Action: flex carpus and digits

  • has radial, humeral and ulnar heads which all converge within the carpal canal as the DDF tendon*
  • horse has the distal check ligament from proximal and palmar aspect of MC III to the tendon of the DDF*
32
Q

Pronator quadratus

A

Origin/Insertion: located within the space between the radius and ulna

Action: pronate the antebrachium

not present in large animals

33
Q

Interosseous

A

Origin/Insertion: lie deep to the DDF tendons and cover the palmar surfaces of the four main MC bones; there are two proximal sesamoid bones embedded in the tendon of insertion of each interosseous muscles

  • in horse, there is only one, and it is called the suspensory ligament; it has medial and lateral extensor branches*
  • there are three pairs of sesmoidean ligaments: straight, oblique and cruciate*

Gross Anatomy (5 decks)

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