Cranial Nerves Flashcards
II
Optic nerve
III
Oculomotor nerve
IV
Trochlear nerve
V
Trigeminal nerve
VI
Abducens nerve
VII
Facial nerve
VIII
Vestibulocochlear nerve
IX
Glossopharyngeal nerve
X
Vagus nerve
XI
Spinal Accessory nerve
XII
Hypoglossal nerve
Cribriform plate
CN I: Olfactory
Optic canal
CN II: Optic
Orbital fissure
CN III: Oculomotor
CN IV: Trochlear
Ophthalmic branch of CN V: Trigeminal
CN VI: Abducens
Round foramen and rostral alar foramen
Maxillary branch of CN V: Trigeminal
Oval foramen
Mandibular branch of CN V: Trigeminal
Stylomastoid foramen and internal acoustic meatus
CN VII: Facial
Internal acoustic meatus
CN VIII: Vestibulocochlear
Jugular foramen and tympanoccipital fissure
CN IX: Glossopharyngeal
CN X: Vagus
CN XI: Spinal Accessory
I
Olfactory nerve
Hypoglossal canal
CN XII: Hypoglossal
Tests for: Olfaction (smell test). Cotton ball with alcohol (not something so strong it stimulates CN V by irritating the nasal mucosa)
CN I: Olfactory
Tests for: menace response, obstacle course, quietly roll ball across visual field, also pupillary light reflex, and tracking response.
CN II: Optic
- II (afferent) in VII (efferent) out in for menace response
- II in III out for pupillary light reflex
Test for: dorsal, ventral or medial movement of the pupil (DVM), look for lateral strabismus in lesioned animal, droopy upper eyelid, pupillary light reflex, including the indirect response to light in the contralateral eye
CN III: Oculomotor
-II in III out for pupillary light reflex
Tests for: oblique deviation of pupil in lesioned animal
CN IV: Trochlear
-not obvious in species with round pupils
Tests for: palpebral reflex, medial canthus
Ophthalmic branch of CN V
-V in VII out
Tests for: palpebral reflex, lateral canthus; sensation to upper lip or nasal mucosa
Maxillary branch of CN V
Tests for: sensation to lower lip/jaw or auriculotemporal area, or look for neurogenic atrophy to muscles of mastication
Mandibular branch of CN V
Tests for: lateral movement of the eye in the head (tracking), look for medial strabismus in a lesioned animal
CN VI: Abducens
Test for: palpebral reflex-failure to close the palpebral fissure in lesioned animal. Effects seen on muscles of facial expression. Look for deviation of philtrum, droopy ear.
CN VII: Facial
Test for: hearing, vestibular signs (nystagmus, head tilt, circling, balance problems)
CN VIII: Vestibulocochlear
Test for: gag reflex, swallowing
CN IX: Glossopharyngeal
Test for: gag reflex, and listen to heart and gut sounds (increase heart, decrease gut with lesion)
CN X: Vagus
Test for: neurogenic atrophy of neck muscles in lesioned animal
CN XI: Spinal Accessory
Test for: tongue tone, tongue neurogenic atrophy
CN XII: Hypoglossal
Motor to extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of the tongue
CN XII
Motor to trapezius, omotransversarius, sternocephalicus and cleidocephalicus. Also motor to larynx via recurrent laryngeal nerve.
CN XI
Some motor to larynx, pharynx and esophagus.
Sensory to ear canal and epiglottis.
Parasympathetic to heart, lungs, and abdomen.
CN X
Sensory for hearing and balance
CN VIII
Sensory to caudal 1/3 of tongue (taste) and pharyngeal mucosa (touch).
Motor to the pharynx.
Parasympathetic to parotid and mucosal glands.
CN IX
Motor to muscles of facial expression.
Sensory to rostral 2/3 of tongue (taste).
Parasympathetic to salivary and lacrimal glands.
CN VII
Motor to retractor bulbi muscles and lateral rectus muscle.
CN VI
Sensory from lower jaw, rostral 2/3 of tongue (taste and touch), and auriculotemporal area.
Motor to muscles of mastication.
Mandibular branch of CN V
Sensory from upper lip, nasal mucosa, lateral aspect of palpebrae.
Maxillary branch of CN V
Sensory from globe, periorbita, nasal mucosa, medial aspect of palpebrae.
Ophthalmic branch of CN V
Motor to dorsal oblique muscle
CN IV
Motor to DVM rectus muscles, ventral oblique muscle, and levator palpebrae superioris muscle.
Parasympathetic to ciliary ganglia (iris sphincter)
CN III
Sensory from retina (vision)
CN II
Sensory from olfactory epithelium (smell)
CN I
