Pelvic Limb Muscles-Muscle To Details Flashcards
Biceps femoris
Origin: sacrotuberous ligament; ischiatic tuberosity
Insertion: by means of the fascia lata and crural fascia to the patella, patellar ligament, and cranial border of the tibia; tuber calcanei via the common calcanean tendon
Action: extend hip and hock; extend (weight bearing)/flex (not weight bearing) the stifle
hamstring muscle
Semitendinosus
Origin: ischiatic tuberosity
Insertion: medial surface of the tibial body; tuber calcanei via common calcanean tendon
Action: extend hip and hock; flex the stifle
hamstring muscle
Semimembranosus
Origin: ischiatic tuberosity
Insertion: distal and medial aspect of the caudal femur; medial condyle of the tibia
Action: extend hip; extend (weight bearing)/flex (not weight bearing) the stifle
hamstring muscle
Sartorius
Origin: crest of ilium; thoracolumbar fascia; ventral border of ilium
Insertion: patella and cranial border of tibia
Action: flex hip; extend (weight bearing)/flex (not weight bearing) the stifle
- cranial and caudal parts; caudal part forms cranial border of femoral triangle*
- deep inguinal lymph nodes at its cranial border*
Gracilis
Origin: pelvic symphysis via symphysial tendon
Insertion: cranial border of tibia; tuber calcanei via common calcanean tendon
Action: adduct limb; flex stifle; extend hip and hock
Pectineus
Origin: pubis
Insertion: medial lip of caudal rough surface of femur
Action: adduct limb
makes the caudal border of the femoral triangle
Adductor
Origin: pelvic symphysis via symphysial tendon; ventral surface of the pubis and ischium
Insertion: lateral lip of the caudal rough surface of femur
Action: adduct limb; extend hip
Tensor fascia latae
Origin: tuber coxae; aponeurosis of middle gluteal
Insertion: fascia lata
Action: tense fascia lata; flex hip; extends stifle
Superficial gluteal
Origin: sacrotuberous ligament; deep gluteal fascia
Insertion: third trochanter of the femur
Action: extend hip; abduct limb
Middle gluteal
Origin: crest and gluteal surface of ilium
Insertion: greater trochanter of the femur
Action: extend hip; abduct limb; rotate pelvic limb medially
- piriformis muscle is considered part of the middle gluteal*
- in horse, an accessory gluteal muscle is considered part of the middle gluteal and is affiliated with the trochanteric bursa*
Deep gluteal
Origin: body of ilium; ischiatic spine
Insertion: greater trochanter of the femur
Action: extend hip; abduct hip; rotate pelvic limb medially
Internal obturator
Origin: dorsal pelvic symphysis
Insertion: trochanteric fossa of the femur
Action: rotate the limb laterally
- tendon and subtendinous bursa as the tendon passes over the less ischiadic notch*
- 1 of 4 small pelvic association muscles*
Gemelli
Origin: lateral surface of ischium, ventral to the lesser ischiatic notch
Insertion: trochanteric fossa of the femur
Action: rotate limb laterally
- compression by the tendon of the internal obturator makes this muscle look like it has two parts*
- 1 of the 4 small pelvic association muscles*
Quadratus femoris
Origin: ventral surface of caudal ischium
Insertion: intertrochanteric crest of the femur
Action: rotate limb laterally; extend hip
1 of the 4 small pelvic association muscles
External obturator
Origin: ventral surface of pubis and ischium
Insertion: trochanteric fossa of femur
Action: rotate limb laterally
Quadriceps femoris
Origin: ilium (rectus femoris); proximal aspect of femur (vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, vastus medialis)
Insertion: tibial tuberosity via the patellar ligament
Action: flex hip (rectus femoris); extend stifle (all heads)
essential for weight bearing
Iliopsoas
Origin: ventral aspect of lumbar vertebrae; cranioventral ilium
Insertion: lesser trochanter of femur
Action: flex hip
has two parts: psoas major and iliacus
Cranial tibial
Origin: proximal and lateral aspect of the tibia near the extensor groove
Insertion: proximal plantar surface of MC I and II
Action: flex tarsus; rotate paw laterally
- the tendon is held down by the crural extensor retinaculum along with the tendon of the long digital extensor*
- in horse, the medial tendon is called the cunean tendon*
Long digital extensor
Origin: extensor fossa of the femur
Insertion: extensor processes of distal phalanges II-V
Action: extend digits; flex tarsus
the tendon of this muscles is held down by the crural extensor retinaculum along with the cranial tibial tendon, as well as the tarsal extensor retinaculum on the dorsal surface of the metatarsus
Fibularis/Peroneous longus
Origin: lateral collateral ligament; proximal aspect of tibia and fibula
Insertion: tarsal bone IV; plantar aspect of proximal ends of metatarsals
Action: flex tarsus; rotate paw medially
the horse has a fibularis tertius instead of a fibularis longus
Gastrocnemius
Origin: medial and lateral supracondylar tuberosities of the femur
Insertion: tuber calcanei
Action: extend tarsus; flex stifle
has medial and lateral heads, each containing a sesamoid bone in their tendons of origin; the two heads envelope the muscular portion of the SDF; these tendons (tendon of gastrocnemius and of SDF) form the central component of the calcanean tendon
Superficial digital flexor
Origin: lateral supracondylar tuberosity of femur (in common with lateral head of gastrocnemius)
Insertion: tuber calcanei; plantar aspect of the base of middle phalanges II-V
Action: flex stifle; extend tarsus; flex digits
intertendinous calcanean bursa (between tendons of SDF and gastrocnemius) and subcutaneous calcanean bursa (between the skin and the tendon of the SDF)
Deep digital flexor
Origin: proximal tibia and fibula and adjacent interosseous membrane between the two
Insertion: plantar aspect of the base of the distal phalanges I-V
Action: flex digits; extend tarsus
Popliteous
Origin: lateral condyle of femur
Insertion: proximal and caudomedial aspect of tibia
Action: flex stifle; rotate crus medially
popliteal sesamoid bone in its tendon of origin
