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Veterinary Anatomy > Thoracic Limb > Flashcards

Thoracic Limb Flashcards

1
Q

What attaches to the scapular spine?

A

m. trapezius, m. omotransversarius, m. deltoideus (scapular portion)

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2
Q

What attaches to the acromion?

A

m. deltoideus (acromial portion)

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3
Q

What originates on the supraglenoid tubercle?

A

m. biceps brachii

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4
Q

What originates in the supraspinous fossa?

A

m. supraspinatus

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5
Q

What originates in the infraspinous fossa?

A

m. infraspinatus

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6
Q

What originates in the subscapular fossa?

A

m. subscapularis

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7
Q

What lies in the intertubercular groove of the humerus?

A

Bicipital tendon

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8
Q

What inserts on the greater tubercle of the humerus?

A

mm. supraspinatus and infraspinatus

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9
Q

What inserts on the lesser tubercle of the humerus?

A

m. subscapularis (and a portion of the deep pectoral m.)

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10
Q

What lies in the brachial groove?

A

m. brachialis

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11
Q

What originates from the tricipital line of the humerus?

A

the lateral head of m. triceps brachii

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12
Q

What is the capitulum?

A

the site of articulation for the head of the radius (lateral portion of trochlea)

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13
Q

What originates from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus?

A

craniolateral mm. of the antebrachium (m. extensor carpi radialis, common digital extensor, lateral digital extensor, m. extensor carpi ulnaris, m. extensor carpi obliquus, m. supinator)

m. anconeus

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14
Q

What originates from the medial epicondyle of the humerus?

A

caudomedial mm. of the antebrachium (m. flexor carpi ulnaris, SDF, DDF, m. flexor carpi radialis, m. pronator teres, m. pronator quadratus)

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15
Q

What inserts on the olecrannon process?

A

m. triceps brachii

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16
Q

What inserts on the accessory carpal bone?

A

mm. flexor carpi ulnaris and extensor carpi ulnaris

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17
Q

What is name of the caudal projection of the feline acromion?

A

suprahamate process

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18
Q

What originates from the coracoid process of the scapula?

A

m. corocobrachialis

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19
Q

What is different between the distal ends of the feline and canine humerus?

A

Canine - supratrochlear foramen

Feline - supracondylar foramen

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20
Q

What are the extrinsic mm. of the canine shoulder?

A

m. brachiocephalicus
m. omotranversarius
m. trapezius
m. latissimus dorsi
m. rhomboideus
m. serratus ventralis
deep pectoral m.
superficial pectoral m.

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21
Q

What is the additional extrinsic m. of the equine shoulder?

A

m. subclavius

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22
Q

Origin and insertion of m. serratus ventralis

A

Origin: transverse processes of C3-7
Insertion: serrated face of scapula

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23
Q

What is deep to the m. omotransversarius

A

superficial cervical lymph node

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24
Q

Origin and insertion of m. deltoideus

A

Origin: spine of scapular (canine and equine) and acromion (canine)
Insertion: deltoid tuberosity of the humerus

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25
Q

Origin and insertion of m. corobrachialis

A

Origin: corocoid process of the scapula
Insertion: crest of lesser tubercle

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26
Q

Origin of the long head of m. triceps brachii

A

caudal border of scapula

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27
Q

Origin of the medial head of m. triceps brachii

A

crest of lesser tubercle

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28
Q

Origin of the lateral head of m. triceps brachii

A

tricipital line of humerus

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29
Q

Origin of the accessory head of m. triceps brachii

A

neck of humerus

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30
Q

Origin and insertion of m. biceps brachii

A

Origin: supraglenoid tuberosity
Insertion: radial and ulnar tuberosities

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31
Q

Origin and insertion of m. brachialis

A

Origin: lateral aspect of proximal humerus
Insertion: radial and ulnar tuberosities

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32
Q

What structure bridges the greater and lesser tubercle to secure the bicipital tendon?

A

transverse humeral retinaculum

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33
Q

What is the insertion of m. extensor carpi radialis?

A

dorsal aspect of metacarpals II and III

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34
Q

What is the insertion of m. flexor carpi radialis?

A

palmar aspect of metacarpals II and III

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35
Q

What is the primary arterial blood supply to the entire thoracic limb? To the manus?

A

axillary a.

median a.

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36
Q

What regions of the body does the superficial cervical lymph node drain?

A

neck, cranial portion of shoulder, and all of forelimb distal to the elbow

37
Q

What regions of the body does the axillary lymph node drain?

A

forelimb near the olecrannon and proximal trunk

38
Q

Where can you test the axillary autonomous zone?

A

caudal to the shoulder joint and superficial to the m. triceps brachii

39
Q

Where can you test the musculocutaneous autonomous zone?

A

medial humeral epicondyle

40
Q

Where is the musculocutaneous autonomous zone?

A

medial aspect of antebrachium

41
Q

Where is the axillary autonomous zone?

A

thin, vertical strip that runs from the caudal scapula to mid-brachium

42
Q

Where can you test the radial autonomous zone?

A

dorsum of the metacarpus or over the lateral epicondyle

43
Q

Where is the radial autonomous zone?

A

the entire dorsum of the manus and lateral aspect of the antebrachium

44
Q

Where can you test the ulnar autonomous zone?

A

the olecrannon process or lateral aspect of digit V

45
Q

Where is the ulnar autonomous zone?

A

caudal/palmar forelimb from olecrannon to paw (including pads)

46
Q

What does the suprascapular n. innervate?

A

mm. supraspinatus and infraspinatus

47
Q

What does the cranial pectoral n. innervate?

A

superficial pectoral m.

48
Q

What does the subscapular n. innervate?

A

m. subscapularis

49
Q

What does the musculocutaneous n. innervate?

A

mm. biceps brachii, brachialis, corocobrachialis, skin of medial limb

50
Q

What does the axillary n. innervate?

A

mm. teres major, teres minor, deltoideus, and skin of lateral brachium

51
Q

What does the thoracodorsal n. innervate?

A

m. latissimus dorsi

52
Q

What does the lateral thoracic n. innervate?

A

m. cutaneous trunci

53
Q

What does the deep brr. of radial n. innervate?

A

extensors of elbow, carpus, and digits

54
Q

What does the superficial brr. of radial n. innervate?

A

skin of lateral limb

55
Q

What does the median n. innervate?

A

Flexors of the carpus and digits, and pronators

56
Q

What does the ulnar n. innervate?

A

Flexors of the carpus and digits, skin of caudal/palmar antebrachium and manus

57
Q

What are the brr. of the axillary a.?

A

external thoracic a. (to sup. pectoral m.)
lateral thoracic a. (to deep pectoral m.)
subscapular a.
cranial circumflex humeral a. (to m. biceps and m. corocobrachialis)

58
Q

What are the brr. of the subscapular a.?

A

caudal circumflex humeral a. (to m. triceps and m. deltoideus)
thoracodorsal a. (to m. lat. dorsi)

59
Q

What are the brr. of the brachial a.?

A

deep brachial a. (to m. triceps)
collateral ulnar a. (to olecrannon)
superficial brachial a. (to dorsum of paw)
common interosseus (between radius and ulna)

60
Q

What are the landmarks, target nerves, and effect of a heel block?

A

Landmark: ungual cartilage
Target: palmar digital nn.
Effect: numbs navicular and heel

61
Q

What are the landmarks, target nerves, and effect of a basisesamoid block?

A

Landmark: base of proximal sesamoids
Target: palmar nn. (including dorsal brr. and palmar digital nn.)
Effect: numbs hoof, pastern, and palmar fetlock

62
Q

What are the landmarks, target nerves, and effect of a low 4 point block?

A

Landmarks: button of splint bones, two fingers up and dorsad between the suspensory lig. and flexor tt.
Target: palmar and palmar metacarpal nn.
Effect: numbs from fetlock distad

63
Q

What structure lies deep to the infraspinatus tendon as it crosses the scapulohumeral joint?

A

infraspinatus bursa

64
Q

What are the medial and lateral thickenings of the shoulder joint capsule?

A

glenohumeral ligaments (collaterals)

65
Q

What enlarges the margins of the glenoid cavity?

A

glenoid lip (labrum)

66
Q

How many joints make up the elbow? How many joint sacs?

A

Joints: humeroradial, humeroulnar, radioulnar

Joint sacs: 1

67
Q

Which side of the coronoid process is usually abnormal in shoulder dysplasia?

A

medial

68
Q

What is the function of the m. anconeus?

A

to lift the joint capsule during elbow extension and prevent it from being pinched

69
Q

What structures support the carpus in carnivores?

A

Significant thickening of joint capsule
Short collateral ligg. that extend from radius/ulna to radial/ulnar carpal bones
Palmar carpal fibrocartilage

70
Q

What structures define the carpal canal?

A

Proximal row of carpal bones
Accessory carpal bone
Flexor retinaculum

71
Q

What are the contents of the canine carpal canal?

A

Digital flexor tendons
t. of m. flexor carpi radialis
Median a.
Median and ulnar nn.

72
Q

What are the contents of the equine carpal canal?

A

Digital flexor tendons
t. of m. flexor carpi radialis
Medial palmar a.
Medial and lateral palmar nn.

73
Q

What vessels emerge from the median a. trifurcation?

A

Radial a.
Medial palmar a. (main supply to equine manus)
Lateral palmar a.

74
Q

What 3 ligaments bind down the flexor tendons as they pass over the fetlock and pastern?

A
  1. annular ligament of the fetlock
  2. prox. digital annular ligament
  3. distal digital annular ligament
75
Q

Where is the intertubercular bursa?

A

Deep to bicipital tendon between greater and lesser tubercle

76
Q

Where is the subcutaneous olecrannon bursa?

A

On the point of elbow (inconsistent)

Inflammation causes “capped elbow”

77
Q

Where is the navicular bursa?

A

Between the DDF and navicular bone

78
Q

What muscle transfers the weight of the trunk to the forelimbs?

A

m. serratus ventralis

79
Q

What is the structure that passes from the internal tendon of the m. biceps brachii to the fascia of the m. extensor carpi radialis?

A

lacertus fibrosis

80
Q

Active portions of the stay apparatus?

A

Slight tone in the mm. serratus ventralis and triceps brachii

81
Q

What stabilizes the equine shoulder joint as part of the stay apparatus?

A

Internal tendon of m. biceps –> lacertus fibrosis

Slight tone in the m. triceps brachii

82
Q

What are the muscles that join the tendons of the digital flexors?

A

interflexorius mm.

83
Q

What is the vascular, horn-growing tissue of the hoof?

A

corium

84
Q

What do low grade, chronic irritations do to corium growth?

A

Overproduction of horn

85
Q

What do acute, severe insults do to corium growth?

A

Hemorrhaging and cessation of horn growth

86
Q

What signs can be used to identify subclinical laminitis in cattle?

A

Hemorrhage or yellow discoloration of the sole

Abnormal horn growth and sole ulcers

87
Q

What is the waxy layer on the outside of the hoof?

A

periople

88
Q

What is founder?

A

A chronic condition of the hoof walls growing abnormally (flared wall and curled toe) due to laminitis

Veterinary Anatomy (7 decks)

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