Exam 4 Development Flashcards
What originally separates the stomadeum and future pharynx?
oropharyngeal membrane
What does the oropharyngeal membrane become after atresia?
palatoglossal folds
Where does the thyroid originate?
thyroid diverticulum, forms thyroglossal duct
what is heterotopic polydontia?
teeth in weird places, “ear teeth”
What structures form the tongue?
lateral tongue buds (arch I) + median tongue bud (arch I/II) + and proximal tongue bud (arch III)
What supports the developing foregut?
dorsal and ventral mesenteries
What does the dorsal/ventral mesenteries become in the thorax?
mediastinum
What does the ventral mesentery become in the abdomen?
forms liver, then becomes lesser omentum
What does the dorsal mesentery become in the abdomen?
forms pancreatic duct and spleen, becomes greater omentum
How is the simple stomach of a ruminant fetus transformed?
leftward expansion of nonglandular portion to form rumen/reticulum, omasum/abomasum expand from lesser curvature
what is the connection to the yolk sac called?
vitelline duct
What is the condition where the vitelline duct only partially collapses postnatally?
Meckel’s diverticulum
What is the condition where the vitelline duct does not close?
umbilical fistula
What is the congenital condition where intestines remain outside the body wall?
omphalocele
What fetal tissue gives rise to the kidneys?
intermediate mesoderm
What gives rise to the collecting ducts? What happens if there is a failure of fusion between nephron and collecting duct?
branches of metanephric duct, polycystic kidney
What is the common end of the GI and genitourinary tracts of a developing fetus?
cloaca
What separates the anus/urethra from the exterior of a developing fetus?
cloacal membrane
What occurs with a failure to break down the cloacal membrane?
imperforate anus
What divides urinary and GI tracts?
urorectal septum
What is the condition where urorectal septum fails to divide the urinary and GI tracts?
urorectal fistula
What is the embryonic bladder connection to umbilicus?
urachus, found within median lig of bladder
What is the condition where the urachus fails to full disappear?
vesicourachal diverticulum
What is the condition where the urachus fails to close?
patent urachus, aka “urachal cysts”
leaks urine from umbilicus
What is the name of the stage where male and female embryos cannot be differentiated phenotypically?
indifferent stage
What gives rise to the uterus, cervix, and part of vagina?
paramesonephric ducts
What gives rise to the ductus deferens and epididymus?
mesonephric duct
What does the gubernaculum become in the female?
round lig of the uterus
What is connected to the gonads from the genital swelling that pulls the male testis into the future scrotum?
gubernaculum
What does the genital tubercle become?
male - glans penis
female - clitoris
What do the urethral folds become?
male - penile urethra
female - labia of vulva
What does the genital swelling become?
male - scrotum
female - disappears
What is the condition where urethral folds fail to fuse in the male?
hypospadia
