Exam 4 Development

Question 1

What originally separates the stomadeum and future pharynx?

Answer 1

oropharyngeal membrane

Question 2

What does the oropharyngeal membrane become after atresia?

Answer 2

palatoglossal folds

Question 3

Where does the thyroid originate?

Answer 3

thyroid diverticulum, forms thyroglossal duct

Question 4

what is heterotopic polydontia?

Answer 4

teeth in weird places, “ear teeth”

Question 5

What structures form the tongue?

Answer 5

lateral tongue buds (arch I) + median tongue bud (arch I/II) + and proximal tongue bud (arch III)

Question 6

What supports the developing foregut?

Answer 6

dorsal and ventral mesenteries

Question 7

What does the dorsal/ventral mesenteries become in the thorax?

Answer 7

mediastinum

Question 8

What does the ventral mesentery become in the abdomen?

Answer 8

forms liver, then becomes lesser omentum

Question 9

What does the dorsal mesentery become in the abdomen?

Answer 9

forms pancreatic duct and spleen, becomes greater omentum

Question 10

How is the simple stomach of a ruminant fetus transformed?

Answer 10

leftward expansion of nonglandular portion to form rumen/reticulum, omasum/abomasum expand from lesser curvature

Question 11

what is the connection to the yolk sac called?

Answer 11

vitelline duct

Question 12

What is the condition where the vitelline duct only partially collapses postnatally?

Answer 12

Meckel’s diverticulum

Question 13

What is the condition where the vitelline duct does not close?

Answer 13

umbilical fistula

Question 14

What is the congenital condition where intestines remain outside the body wall?

Answer 14

omphalocele

Question 15

What fetal tissue gives rise to the kidneys?

Answer 15

intermediate mesoderm

Question 16

What gives rise to the collecting ducts? What happens if there is a failure of fusion between nephron and collecting duct?

Answer 16

branches of metanephric duct, polycystic kidney

Question 17

What is the common end of the GI and genitourinary tracts of a developing fetus?

Answer 17

cloaca

Question 18

What separates the anus/urethra from the exterior of a developing fetus?

Answer 18

cloacal membrane

Question 19

What occurs with a failure to break down the cloacal membrane?

Answer 19

imperforate anus

Question 20

What divides urinary and GI tracts?

Answer 20

urorectal septum

Question 21

What is the condition where urorectal septum fails to divide the urinary and GI tracts?

Answer 21

urorectal fistula

Question 22

What is the embryonic bladder connection to umbilicus?

Answer 22

urachus, found within median lig of bladder

Question 23

What is the condition where the urachus fails to full disappear?

Answer 23

vesicourachal diverticulum

Question 24

What is the condition where the urachus fails to close?

Answer 24

patent urachus, aka “urachal cysts”

leaks urine from umbilicus

Question 25

What is the name of the stage where male and female embryos cannot be differentiated phenotypically?

Answer 25

indifferent stage

Question 26

What gives rise to the uterus, cervix, and part of vagina?

Answer 26

paramesonephric ducts

Question 27

What gives rise to the ductus deferens and epididymus?

Answer 27

mesonephric duct

Question 28

What does the gubernaculum become in the female?

Answer 28

round lig of the uterus

Question 29

What is connected to the gonads from the genital swelling that pulls the male testis into the future scrotum?

Answer 29

gubernaculum

Question 30

What does the genital tubercle become?

Answer 30

male - glans penis

female - clitoris

Question 31

What do the urethral folds become?

Answer 31

male - penile urethra

female - labia of vulva

Question 32

What does the genital swelling become?

Answer 32

male - scrotum

female - disappears

Question 33

What is the condition where urethral folds fail to fuse in the male?

Answer 33

hypospadia