Thoracic imaging Flashcards
1
Q
- The best modality for displaying the lung parenchyma is –
A
High resolution CT (HRCT)
2
Q
- For which of the following pathologies is a chest X-ray the least sensitive?
A
– In the search for metastases
3
Q
- Which of the following examinations is routinely done as part of a pre-operative examination? –
A
Chest XR
4
Q
- The most common chest imaging modality is -
A
Chest X-ray
5
Q
- What are the basic projections used for chest XR? -
A
PA, AP and lateral
6
Q
- Chest X-rays are most often made in a ……………….. projection. (fill in the blank) -
A
PA
7
Q
- A chest X-ray is performed in a Posteroanterior projection because -
A
The heart is closer to the film; thus it is smaller on the image.
8
Q
- What is the most striking difference on chest XR in PA vs. AP projection?
A
- The size of the cardiac shadow
9
Q
- If an X-ray of the chest does not have any markings, we assume that it is made in the default projection, which is?
A
– Standing and posteroanterior
10
Q
- Bedside chest XR is usually made in an …….…. projection. (fill in the blank) -
A
AP
11
Q
- Side markings (Letter L / R) on a chest XR
A
- Must always be present
12
Q
- How do we evaluate rotation of a patient on a chest XR?
A
- According to the position of the ends of the clavicles and spinal processes
13
Q
- If the spinal processes are not projected into the middle between the sternal ends of the clavicles on a chest X-ray -
A
The image is rotated
14
Q
- Correctly exposed chest XR should have -
A
Vertebrae visible in the shadow of mediastinum and vascular structures visible in the area of the diaphragm
15
Q
- If the right half of the diaphragm reaches the ventral margin of the 6th rib on a radiograph of the right chest
A
- The patient is inhaling sufficently
16
Q
- If the right half of the diaphragm reaches the ventral margin of the 4th rib on a radiograph of the right chest –
A
The inhalation of the patient is insufficient
17
Q
- On which projection on a chest X-ray we can see the oblique fissures?
A
– On a lateral projection
18
Q
- What term do we use for the whole lung area seen on a chest XR?
A
- The lung field
19
Q
- What do we call the area in a hemithorax on a chest X-ray between the apex and the ventral end of the 2nd rib?
A
- Upper lung zone
20
Q
- What do we call the area in a hemithorax on a chest X-ray between the ventral ends of the 2nd and 4th ribs?
A
– Middle lung zone
21
Q
- What do we call an area in a hemithorax on a chest X-ray between the ventral ends of the 4th rib and the diaphragm?
A
- Lower lung zone
22
Q
- Horizontal fissure on a chest XR
A
– Is present in approximately 50% of cases
23
Q
- Which structures physiologically cause lung markings?
A
- Blood vessels
24
Q
- What is the physiological shape of the Pulmonary hilum? -
A
Concave
25
Q
- How are the pulmonary hila located relative to one another?
A
- The right pulmonary hilus should be lower than the left
26
Q
- The term HRCT stands for
A
- High-resolution CT
27
Q
- HRCT (High-resolution CT) is performed -
A
Natively
28
Q
- CT with a contrast agent is the diagnostic method of choice for
A
- Pulmonary embolism
29
Q
- When lung cancer is suspected, the most beneficial investigation is
A
- CT with contrast
30
Q
- CT image reconstruction by averaging about 5mm of width in different planes is called -
A
Multiplanar reconstruction
31
Q
- Which reconstructions are ideal for the detection of pulmonary nodules on CT of the chest?
A
– Maximum intensity projections (MIP)
32
Q
- What is the name of the smallest functional lung unit which is surrounded by a septa?
A
- Secondary pulmonary lobulus
33
Q
- What is located in the interlobular septas of the lungs?
A
- Veins and lymphatics
34
Q
- The density of the pulmonary parenchyma on CT -
A
Is dependent on gravity and is higher in gravitationally lower areas
35
Q
- Ultrasound in the diagnosis of thoracic pathologies can be used for -
A
Pleural effusions
36
Q
- What can we see in ultrasound of the thorax?
A
- The movements of the visceral and parietal pleura during breathing, which we call the sliding sign
