Abdominal imaging Flashcards
1
Q
- In what position do we mostly perform native XR imaging of the abdomen? -
A
Standing
2
Q
- When acute abdomen is suspected we indicat –
A
Plain abdominal XR and abdominal ultrasound
3
Q
- Native abdominal XR is performed -
A
using a horizontal beam
4
Q
- How many projections are made during a native abdominal XR? -
A
Two
5
Q
- In a native image of the abdomen, we especially evaluate -
A
The distribution of gases in the abdominal cavity
6
Q
- A native abdominal XR is particularly good for displaying what pathology? -
A
Ileus (intestinal obstruction)
7
Q
- For sciacopic examination of the GI tract we use -
A
Both positive and negative contrast agents
8
Q
- Which of the following contrast agents absorbs X-rays the most?
A
– Barium contrast agent
9
Q
- What contrast agent can we use for GI sciagraphy if we suspect a perforation of the esophagus?
A
- Iodine contrast agent
10
Q
- For swallowing sciascopic examination we use -
A
Barium and iodine contrast agent
11
Q
- The main indication for the swallowing examination is -
A
Dysphagia
12
Q
- To confirm if there is a fish bone stuck in the esophagus, we use -
A
iodine-filled cotton wool.
13
Q
- The primary method for displaying the stomach is -
A
Endoscopy
14
Q
- What does not belong among the routine indications of sciascopic upper GI imaging?
A
- tumor of the stomach
15
Q
- How is a “follow-through” sciascopic examination carried out?
A
- We give the patient iodine contrast per orally and we track the passage through the small intestine in real time
16
Q
- The main indications for the “follow-through” examination include
A
- Bowel motility disorders especially ileus
17
Q
- Which of the following tests is not routinely performed for colon imaging -
A
MR colography
18
Q
- Preparation for irrigography
A
- The patient has to follow a low-fiber diet prior to the examination and must take a laxative the day before the examination.
19
Q
- Irrigography is -
A
A double contrast examination.
20
Q
- Contrast agents used in irrigography are
A
- Barium as a positive contrast medium and air as a negative.
21
Q
- The main indications of irrigography include -
A
Polyps or malignant processes of the colon
22
Q
- When Cholecystitis is suspected, what is the first-choice imaging method? -
A
US
23
Q
- Which of the following parts of the abdomen is the worst to visualise on ultrasound? -
A
Stomach
24
Q
- What is one of the main benefits of ultrasound examination of the liver?
A
- The differentiation of two major benign lesions of the liver - Cysts and Hemangiomas
25
230. What examination does not help us with an unclear USG finding in the liver?
- Native X-ray of the abdomen
26
231. What is the physiological echogenicity of the liver parenchyma?
- The same or slightly higher echogenicity than that of the right kidney.
27
232. Liver vessels that have white hyperechogenic borders on ultrasound are
– Branches of Hepatic Portal Vein
28
233. Liver vessels that do not have a white hyperechogenic border on ultrasound are
- branches of hepatic veins
29
234. If you see a second linear anechoic structure next to a branch of the hepatic portal vein during ultrasound of the liver (creating an image of rails), these structure are -
Dilated intraheptic bile ducts
30
235. What do Liver cysts look like on Ultrasound? -
Anechoic spherical lesions with acoustic enhancement
31
236. If we find thickened contents in the gallbladder, what is it called? –
Sludge
32
237. The Gallbladder on ultrasound –
Can be visualised very well
33
238. Does an ultrasound examination of the Gallbladder require preparation?
– Yes, patient must fast prior to examination
34
239. What do gallbladder stones look like on ultrasound?
- Hyperechogenic formation, usually with an acoustic shadow
35
240. Which structure helps us with orientation when looking for the Pancreas on ultrasoud?
– Splenic vein
36
241. What factor determines Pancreatic tissue echogenicity?
- The amount of fat, in the case of young patients it is usually hypoechogenic, in older patients it is hyperechogenic
37
242. What is the most viable method for finding and verifying small pancreatic tumors? -
Endosonography
38
243. Accessory spleens are small spherical structures around the spleen and are -
Relatively common
39
244. Where can we find the Spleen with an ultrasound probe?
– On the left and to the side of the body, dorsocranially
40
245. What is a normal ultrasound picture of the Splenic parenchyma?
– A fine grainy structure
41
246. The appearance of the small pelvis with suprapubic ultrasound -
is paradoxically often worse in thin patients due to artefacts from intestin
42
247. For the best view of the small pelvis with ultrasound
- We use a vaginal probe
43
248. Which of the following organs in the Pelvis is best visualised with ultrasound?
- Full Urinary bladde
44
249. What condition is ideal for examining the small pelvis by transabdominal ultrasound?
- To have a full bladder
45
250. The Intestines are best displayed on ultrasound –
With a linear probe
46
251. What is usually the result of ultrasound of the Intestines?
– Often cannot be seen due to the presence of gas
47
252. How dangerous is abdominal CT in terms of radiation exposure? –
Very, because there are a number of radiosensitive tissues in the abdomen
48
253. The liver is homogeneously saturated with contrast agent on CT in which phase?
- Portal phase
49
254. When a CT scan is performed 5+ minutes after iodine contrast administration, what phase do we observe?
- Renal excreting phase
50
255. 15-20 seconds after the start of iodine i.v. application on the CT, most of the contrast agent will be
- In the arteries
51
256. What is used for i.v. administration of a contrast agent for CT examination?
- Essentially a low-molecular non-ionic iodine contrast agent
52
257. Choose the correct sentence about contrast agents for abdominal CT
- Iodine contrast media, water or mannitol can be administered per os
53
258. Absolute contraindications for CT abdominal imaging -
Do not exist
54
259. What are the relative contraindication of abdominal CT scan?
- Pregnancy, uncooperative patient and claustrophobia
55
260. What is the main method for imaging of the adrenal glands? -
CT
56
261. Special CT examination for the imaging of the small intestine (CT enterography) uses -
Mannitol solution per os
57
262. Evaluation of the Colon on CT
- Can be done on a classic abdominal CT, but it is ideal to do it after specific preparation
58
263. What is CT colography?
- Low-dose CT for colon imaging after adequate preparation
59
264. CT colography
– is low-dose, so there is relatively little radiation burden for the patient
60
265. Preparation for CT colography includes
- Barium tracking and colon emptying with a laxative the day before the examination
61
266. When performing CT colographies
– We apply gas to a previously emptied colon (air or CO2)
62
268. The abbreviation MRCP means
- Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography
63
269. MRI of the liver is indicated for which of the following reasons?
– Hepatocellular carcinoma in the field of cirrhosis and differential diagnosis of unclear deposits in the liver
64
270. MRI of the small pelvis -
Is very clear and is one of the main methods of oncological imaging of this area
65
271. When appendicitis is suspected, the first-choice imaging method used is -
US
