Abdominal imaging Flashcards
1
Q
- In what position do we mostly perform native XR imaging of the abdomen? -
A
Standing
2
Q
- When acute abdomen is suspected we indicat –
A
Plain abdominal XR and abdominal ultrasound
3
Q
- Native abdominal XR is performed -
A
using a horizontal beam
4
Q
- How many projections are made during a native abdominal XR? -
A
Two
5
Q
- In a native image of the abdomen, we especially evaluate -
A
The distribution of gases in the abdominal cavity
6
Q
- A native abdominal XR is particularly good for displaying what pathology? -
A
Ileus (intestinal obstruction)
7
Q
- For sciacopic examination of the GI tract we use -
A
Both positive and negative contrast agents
8
Q
- Which of the following contrast agents absorbs X-rays the most?
A
– Barium contrast agent
9
Q
- What contrast agent can we use for GI sciagraphy if we suspect a perforation of the esophagus?
A
- Iodine contrast agent
10
Q
- For swallowing sciascopic examination we use -
A
Barium and iodine contrast agent
11
Q
- The main indication for the swallowing examination is -
A
Dysphagia
12
Q
- To confirm if there is a fish bone stuck in the esophagus, we use -
A
iodine-filled cotton wool.
13
Q
- The primary method for displaying the stomach is -
A
Endoscopy
14
Q
- What does not belong among the routine indications of sciascopic upper GI imaging?
A
- tumor of the stomach
15
Q
- How is a “follow-through” sciascopic examination carried out?
A
- We give the patient iodine contrast per orally and we track the passage through the small intestine in real time
16
Q
- The main indications for the “follow-through” examination include
A
- Bowel motility disorders especially ileus
17
Q
- Which of the following tests is not routinely performed for colon imaging -
A
MR colography
18
Q
- Preparation for irrigography
A
- The patient has to follow a low-fiber diet prior to the examination and must take a laxative the day before the examination.
19
Q
- Irrigography is -
A
A double contrast examination.
20
Q
- Contrast agents used in irrigography are
A
- Barium as a positive contrast medium and air as a negative.
21
Q
- The main indications of irrigography include -
A
Polyps or malignant processes of the colon
22
Q
- When Cholecystitis is suspected, what is the first-choice imaging method? -
A
US
23
Q
- Which of the following parts of the abdomen is the worst to visualise on ultrasound? -
A
Stomach
24
Q
- What is one of the main benefits of ultrasound examination of the liver?
A
- The differentiation of two major benign lesions of the liver - Cysts and Hemangiomas
25
Q
- What examination does not help us with an unclear USG finding in the liver?
A
- Native X-ray of the abdomen
26
Q
- What is the physiological echogenicity of the liver parenchyma?
A
- The same or slightly higher echogenicity than that of the right kidney.
27
Q
- Liver vessels that have white hyperechogenic borders on ultrasound are
A
– Branches of Hepatic Portal Vein
28
Q
- Liver vessels that do not have a white hyperechogenic border on ultrasound are
A
- branches of hepatic veins
29
Q
- If you see a second linear anechoic structure next to a branch of the hepatic portal vein during ultrasound of the liver (creating an image of rails), these structure are -
A
Dilated intraheptic bile ducts
30
Q
- What do Liver cysts look like on Ultrasound? -
A
Anechoic spherical lesions with acoustic enhancement
31
Q
- If we find thickened contents in the gallbladder, what is it called? –
A
Sludge
32
Q
- The Gallbladder on ultrasound –
A
Can be visualised very well
33
Q
- Does an ultrasound examination of the Gallbladder require preparation?
A
– Yes, patient must fast prior to examination
34
Q
- What do gallbladder stones look like on ultrasound?
A
- Hyperechogenic formation, usually with an acoustic shadow
35
Q
- Which structure helps us with orientation when looking for the Pancreas on ultrasoud?
A
– Splenic vein
36
Q
- What factor determines Pancreatic tissue echogenicity?
A
- The amount of fat, in the case of young patients it is usually hypoechogenic, in older patients it is hyperechogenic
37
Q
- What is the most viable method for finding and verifying small pancreatic tumors? -
A
Endosonography
38
Q
- Accessory spleens are small spherical structures around the spleen and are -
A
Relatively common
39
Q
- Where can we find the Spleen with an ultrasound probe?
A
– On the left and to the side of the body, dorsocranially
40
Q
- What is a normal ultrasound picture of the Splenic parenchyma?
A
– A fine grainy structure
41
Q
- The appearance of the small pelvis with suprapubic ultrasound -
A
is paradoxically often worse in thin patients due to artefacts from intestin
42
Q
- For the best view of the small pelvis with ultrasound
A
- We use a vaginal probe
43
Q
- Which of the following organs in the Pelvis is best visualised with ultrasound?
A
- Full Urinary bladde
44
Q
- What condition is ideal for examining the small pelvis by transabdominal ultrasound?
A
- To have a full bladder
45
Q
- The Intestines are best displayed on ultrasound –
A
With a linear probe
46
Q
- What is usually the result of ultrasound of the Intestines?
A
– Often cannot be seen due to the presence of gas
47
Q
- How dangerous is abdominal CT in terms of radiation exposure? –
A
Very, because there are a number of radiosensitive tissues in the abdomen
48
Q
- The liver is homogeneously saturated with contrast agent on CT in which phase?
A
- Portal phase
49
Q
- When a CT scan is performed 5+ minutes after iodine contrast administration, what phase do we observe?
A
- Renal excreting phase
50
Q
- 15-20 seconds after the start of iodine i.v. application on the CT, most of the contrast agent will be
A
- In the arteries
51
Q
- What is used for i.v. administration of a contrast agent for CT examination?
A
- Essentially a low-molecular non-ionic iodine contrast agent
52
Q
- Choose the correct sentence about contrast agents for abdominal CT
A
- Iodine contrast media, water or mannitol can be administered per os
53
Q
- Absolute contraindications for CT abdominal imaging -
A
Do not exist
54
Q
- What are the relative contraindication of abdominal CT scan?
A
- Pregnancy, uncooperative patient and claustrophobia
55
Q
- What is the main method for imaging of the adrenal glands? -
A
CT
56
Q
- Special CT examination for the imaging of the small intestine (CT enterography) uses -
A
Mannitol solution per os
57
Q
- Evaluation of the Colon on CT
A
- Can be done on a classic abdominal CT, but it is ideal to do it after specific preparation
58
Q
- What is CT colography?
A
- Low-dose CT for colon imaging after adequate preparation
59
Q
- CT colography
A
– is low-dose, so there is relatively little radiation burden for the patient
60
Q
- Preparation for CT colography includes
A
- Barium tracking and colon emptying with a laxative the day before the examination
61
Q
- When performing CT colographies
A
– We apply gas to a previously emptied colon (air or CO2)
62
Q
- The abbreviation MRCP means
A
- Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography
63
Q
- MRI of the liver is indicated for which of the following reasons?
A
– Hepatocellular carcinoma in the field of cirrhosis and differential diagnosis of unclear deposits in the liver
64
Q
- MRI of the small pelvis -
A
Is very clear and is one of the main methods of oncological imaging of this area
65
Q
- When appendicitis is suspected, the first-choice imaging method used is -
A
US
