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Imaging methods > Abdominal imaging > Flashcards

Abdominal imaging Flashcards

1
Q
  1. In what position do we mostly perform native XR imaging of the abdomen? -
A

Standing

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2
Q
  1. When acute abdomen is suspected we indicat –
A

Plain abdominal XR and abdominal ultrasound

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3
Q
  1. Native abdominal XR is performed -
A

using a horizontal beam

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4
Q
  1. How many projections are made during a native abdominal XR? -
A

Two

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5
Q
  1. In a native image of the abdomen, we especially evaluate -
A

The distribution of gases in the abdominal cavity

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6
Q
  1. A native abdominal XR is particularly good for displaying what pathology? -
A

Ileus (intestinal obstruction)

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7
Q
  1. For sciacopic examination of the GI tract we use -
A

Both positive and negative contrast agents

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8
Q
  1. Which of the following contrast agents absorbs X-rays the most?
A

– Barium contrast agent

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9
Q
  1. What contrast agent can we use for GI sciagraphy if we suspect a perforation of the esophagus?
A
  • Iodine contrast agent
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10
Q
  1. For swallowing sciascopic examination we use -
A

Barium and iodine contrast agent

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11
Q
  1. The main indication for the swallowing examination is -
A

Dysphagia

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12
Q
  1. To confirm if there is a fish bone stuck in the esophagus, we use -
A

iodine-filled cotton wool.

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13
Q
  1. The primary method for displaying the stomach is -
A

Endoscopy

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14
Q
  1. What does not belong among the routine indications of sciascopic upper GI imaging?
A
  • tumor of the stomach
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15
Q
  1. How is a “follow-through” sciascopic examination carried out?
A
  • We give the patient iodine contrast per orally and we track the passage through the small intestine in real time
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16
Q
  1. The main indications for the “follow-through” examination include
A
  • Bowel motility disorders especially ileus
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17
Q
  1. Which of the following tests is not routinely performed for colon imaging -
A

MR colography

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18
Q
  1. Preparation for irrigography
A
  • The patient has to follow a low-fiber diet prior to the examination and must take a laxative the day before the examination.
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19
Q
  1. Irrigography is -
A

A double contrast examination.

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20
Q
  1. Contrast agents used in irrigography are
A
  • Barium as a positive contrast medium and air as a negative.
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21
Q
  1. The main indications of irrigography include -
A

Polyps or malignant processes of the colon

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22
Q
  1. When Cholecystitis is suspected, what is the first-choice imaging method? -
A

US

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23
Q
  1. Which of the following parts of the abdomen is the worst to visualise on ultrasound? -
A

Stomach

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24
Q
  1. What is one of the main benefits of ultrasound examination of the liver?
A
  • The differentiation of two major benign lesions of the liver - Cysts and Hemangiomas
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25
Q
  1. What examination does not help us with an unclear USG finding in the liver?
A
  • Native X-ray of the abdomen
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26
Q
  1. What is the physiological echogenicity of the liver parenchyma?
A
  • The same or slightly higher echogenicity than that of the right kidney.
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27
Q
  1. Liver vessels that have white hyperechogenic borders on ultrasound are
A

– Branches of Hepatic Portal Vein

28
Q
  1. Liver vessels that do not have a white hyperechogenic border on ultrasound are
A
  • branches of hepatic veins
29
Q
  1. If you see a second linear anechoic structure next to a branch of the hepatic portal vein during ultrasound of the liver (creating an image of rails), these structure are -
A

Dilated intraheptic bile ducts

30
Q
  1. What do Liver cysts look like on Ultrasound? -
A

Anechoic spherical lesions with acoustic enhancement

31
Q
  1. If we find thickened contents in the gallbladder, what is it called? –
A

Sludge

32
Q
  1. The Gallbladder on ultrasound –
A

Can be visualised very well

33
Q
  1. Does an ultrasound examination of the Gallbladder require preparation?
A

– Yes, patient must fast prior to examination

34
Q
  1. What do gallbladder stones look like on ultrasound?
A
  • Hyperechogenic formation, usually with an acoustic shadow
35
Q
  1. Which structure helps us with orientation when looking for the Pancreas on ultrasoud?
A

– Splenic vein

36
Q
  1. What factor determines Pancreatic tissue echogenicity?
A
  • The amount of fat, in the case of young patients it is usually hypoechogenic, in older patients it is hyperechogenic
37
Q
  1. What is the most viable method for finding and verifying small pancreatic tumors? -
A

Endosonography

38
Q
  1. Accessory spleens are small spherical structures around the spleen and are -
A

Relatively common

39
Q
  1. Where can we find the Spleen with an ultrasound probe?
A

– On the left and to the side of the body, dorsocranially

40
Q
  1. What is a normal ultrasound picture of the Splenic parenchyma?
A

– A fine grainy structure

41
Q
  1. The appearance of the small pelvis with suprapubic ultrasound -
A

is paradoxically often worse in thin patients due to artefacts from intestin

42
Q
  1. For the best view of the small pelvis with ultrasound
A
  • We use a vaginal probe
43
Q
  1. Which of the following organs in the Pelvis is best visualised with ultrasound?
A
  • Full Urinary bladde
44
Q
  1. What condition is ideal for examining the small pelvis by transabdominal ultrasound?
A
  • To have a full bladder
45
Q
  1. The Intestines are best displayed on ultrasound –
A

With a linear probe

46
Q
  1. What is usually the result of ultrasound of the Intestines?
A

– Often cannot be seen due to the presence of gas

47
Q
  1. How dangerous is abdominal CT in terms of radiation exposure? –
A

Very, because there are a number of radiosensitive tissues in the abdomen

48
Q
  1. The liver is homogeneously saturated with contrast agent on CT in which phase?
A
  • Portal phase
49
Q
  1. When a CT scan is performed 5+ minutes after iodine contrast administration, what phase do we observe?
A
  • Renal excreting phase
50
Q
  1. 15-20 seconds after the start of iodine i.v. application on the CT, most of the contrast agent will be
A
  • In the arteries
51
Q
  1. What is used for i.v. administration of a contrast agent for CT examination?
A
  • Essentially a low-molecular non-ionic iodine contrast agent
52
Q
  1. Choose the correct sentence about contrast agents for abdominal CT
A
  • Iodine contrast media, water or mannitol can be administered per os
53
Q
  1. Absolute contraindications for CT abdominal imaging -
A

Do not exist

54
Q
  1. What are the relative contraindication of abdominal CT scan?
A
  • Pregnancy, uncooperative patient and claustrophobia
55
Q
  1. What is the main method for imaging of the adrenal glands? -
A

CT

56
Q
  1. Special CT examination for the imaging of the small intestine (CT enterography) uses -
A

Mannitol solution per os

57
Q
  1. Evaluation of the Colon on CT
A
  • Can be done on a classic abdominal CT, but it is ideal to do it after specific preparation
58
Q
  1. What is CT colography?
A
  • Low-dose CT for colon imaging after adequate preparation
59
Q
  1. CT colography
A

– is low-dose, so there is relatively little radiation burden for the patient

60
Q
  1. Preparation for CT colography includes
A
  • Barium tracking and colon emptying with a laxative the day before the examination
61
Q
  1. When performing CT colographies
A

– We apply gas to a previously emptied colon (air or CO2)

62
Q
  1. The abbreviation MRCP means
A
  • Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography
63
Q
  1. MRI of the liver is indicated for which of the following reasons?
A

– Hepatocellular carcinoma in the field of cirrhosis and differential diagnosis of unclear deposits in the liver

64
Q
  1. MRI of the small pelvis -
A

Is very clear and is one of the main methods of oncological imaging of this area

65
Q
  1. When appendicitis is suspected, the first-choice imaging method used is -
A

US

Imaging methods (13 decks)

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