Thoracic II Indirect I Flashcards
Treating injury w/ counter strain
. Counters strain by reintroducing position of original strain which is position of shortened tissues and relative ease
Neurophysiology of normal and shortened muscles
. Muscle spindles report changes in overall muscle length and rate of change of stretch
. Stretching muscle inc. firing of spindles
. Hyper-shortened muscles produce little/no firing
Counterstrain application
. Acute or chronic somatic dysfunction
. Somatic dysfunctions w/ neural component (hypershortened muscle)
. Can be primary treatment of in conjunction w/ other approaches
. Any area of body can be treated but patient must relax
. Good for patient’s w/ painful musculoskeletal conditions
Facilitated position release
. Indirect myofascial releases developed by Stanley Schiowitz
. Positional, uses facilitating force to activate inherent forces
. Good for somatic dysfunction or abnormal muscle tension
. Activating force held for 3-5 sec.
. Used for articular or myofascial restrictions
Physiologic basis for FPR
. Similar to counterstrain
. Muscle spindles report stretch, inc. firing of gamma afferents in stretched muscle
. Restoration of hyper-shortened muscle dec. firing
. Compressive force causes neural feedback to rapidly normalize
FPR general procedure
. Put joint in loose pack position . Flatten spine . Add facilitated force . Position into freedom of motion or shortening of muscle . Hold 3-5 sec. then release
Indications to complete FPR
. Somatic dysfunction w/ neural component
. Any area of body
. Acute or chronic
. Need for gentle technique
. Primary treatment or combined w/ others
. Useful for pain from disc herniation
Cellular components of fascia
- Fibroblasts
- Fat cells
- Fixed macrophages
- Mast cells
- Plasma cells
- Leukocytes
Components of ECM
- Collagen (tensile strength)
- Proteoglycans/Mucopolysaccharides (glycosaminoglycans)
- Mucin
- Reticulin
- Elastin
- Fibers: Elastic and Reticular
Superficial fascia
. Loose fibrous envelope beneath skin containing fat, cutaneous vessels, and nerves
. Related to dermis
Subserous fascia
Covers, supports, and lubricates organs
. Comprises the loose CT underlying endothelial, vascular, and glandular surfaces
Deep fascia
. Strong fibrous CT that compartmentalizes body into cavities
. Inner and outer layers can envelop structure
. Specialized around joints to form/strengthen ligaments
Fascial functions
. Super fascial planes follow fiber direction of muscles they span and cover multiple joints
. Allows individual structures to communicate while not disturbing their individual functions
. Limits and directs planes of motion
. Provides anatomic support and stability while acting as location where metabolic/physiologic functions occur
T/F Fascia is not affected by internal forces
F, affected by both external and internal forces
Fascial sheet qualities
. Move w/ respiration and inherent movement assoc. w/ cranial rhythmic impulse (CRI), circulation, lymph flow, and muscular pumps
. Some sheets have multidirectional fibers (trap)
. SOme have complex, non-linear motion
. Some have no motion (scar tissue)
. Had 3D areas of tightness and looseness