Lower Extremity I Flashcards
Grading of sprain/strain
. Mild/Grade 1: microscopic tearing or stretching
. Moderate/2: definite tearing
. Severe/3: complete tear
Acetabular labrum
. Fibrocartilaginous ring
. Functions as extension of bony acetabulum
. Forms seal, shock absorber of hip joint
femoroacetabular joint movement
. Capsule maximally tightened in internal rotation
. Hard end feel
Acetabular labral tears
. Active youth OR degenerative in older adults
. Loss of suction seal, synovial fluid leak
. Inc. cartilage compression
. Happens randomly (insidous) more often than acute injury
. Groin pain
. Mechanical symptoms
. Internal rotation and adduction motion deficits
Tensor fascia lata
. Muscle
. Flexes hip, abducts and internally rotates thigh
. If it becomes tight it will pull on iliotibial band and tighten it
Iliotibial band syndrome
. Friction btw ITB and lat. femoral condyle
. Lat. knee pain
. Common in runners
. Hard to stretch
Hamstring actions
. Hip extension
. Knee flexion (2 joint muscle)
Hamstring problems
. Strains (grade 1 more common than 3)
. Occur in thick, central part of muscle where tendon and muscle fibers join
. Most heal w/ RICE but are notoriously slow
. Surgery needed for complete tear or avulsion injury
Knee OA
. Most common in knee . Common over 50 . Worse in morning, after sitting, or vigorous activity . Vagus deformity . Joint space narrowing . Osteophytes
Order of knee exam
. Inspection . Functional activities . ROM . Bony palpation . Soft tissue palpation . Special tests . Compare both sides
Suprapatellar pouch
. Prox. To knee joint btw prefemoral and suprapatellar fat pads
. Bursa
. Communicates w/ knee joint in 85% people
. Fluid in space means effusion
ACL injury
. From sudden change in direction, quick deceleration, hyperextension, valgus force or rotational injury
. Popping sensation, severe pain, instability, swelling in a few hours
. Assoc. w/ med. meniscus injury and collateral ligament injury
PCL tear
. Post. Directed force w/ foot in plantar flexion
. Cause: fall on bent knee, dashboard injury in car accident (50%)
PCL sag sign
. Pt supine w/ knee bent
. Tibia sags
T/F menisci have no blood supply
T, tear will not heal