Lower Extremity I Flashcards

1
Q

Grading of sprain/strain

A

. Mild/Grade 1: microscopic tearing or stretching
. Moderate/2: definite tearing
. Severe/3: complete tear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Acetabular labrum

A

. Fibrocartilaginous ring
. Functions as extension of bony acetabulum
. Forms seal, shock absorber of hip joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

femoroacetabular joint movement

A

. Capsule maximally tightened in internal rotation

. Hard end feel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Acetabular labral tears

A

. Active youth OR degenerative in older adults
. Loss of suction seal, synovial fluid leak
. Inc. cartilage compression
. Happens randomly (insidous) more often than acute injury
. Groin pain
. Mechanical symptoms
. Internal rotation and adduction motion deficits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Tensor fascia lata

A

. Muscle
. Flexes hip, abducts and internally rotates thigh
. If it becomes tight it will pull on iliotibial band and tighten it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Iliotibial band syndrome

A

. Friction btw ITB and lat. femoral condyle
. Lat. knee pain
. Common in runners
. Hard to stretch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Hamstring actions

A

. Hip extension

. Knee flexion (2 joint muscle)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Hamstring problems

A

. Strains (grade 1 more common than 3)
. Occur in thick, central part of muscle where tendon and muscle fibers join
. Most heal w/ RICE but are notoriously slow
. Surgery needed for complete tear or avulsion injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Knee OA

A
. Most common in knee 
. Common over 50 
. Worse in morning, after sitting, or vigorous activity 
. Vagus deformity 
. Joint space narrowing 
. Osteophytes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Order of knee exam

A
. Inspection
. Functional activities 
. ROM
. Bony palpation
. Soft tissue palpation
. Special tests
. Compare both sides
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Suprapatellar pouch

A

. Prox. To knee joint btw prefemoral and suprapatellar fat pads
. Bursa
. Communicates w/ knee joint in 85% people
. Fluid in space means effusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

ACL injury

A

. From sudden change in direction, quick deceleration, hyperextension, valgus force or rotational injury
. Popping sensation, severe pain, instability, swelling in a few hours
. Assoc. w/ med. meniscus injury and collateral ligament injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

PCL tear

A

. Post. Directed force w/ foot in plantar flexion

. Cause: fall on bent knee, dashboard injury in car accident (50%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

PCL sag sign

A

. Pt supine w/ knee bent

. Tibia sags

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

T/F menisci have no blood supply

A

T, tear will not heal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Patellofemoral pain syndrome

A

. Pain in front knee (runner’s knee)
. Chondromalacia if actual articular cartilage irritation
. Happens more in girls, people doing too much too fast
. Mechanical flaws causing this: excessive lat. tracking of patella in femoral groove, weak vastus medialis obliquus (VMO)

17
Q

Ankle sprain grading

A

1: mild, minimal pain w/ walking
2: moderate, walking painful
3: complete, can’t walk, ankle unstable

18
Q

High ankle sprain

A

. High ankle ligaments (syndemosis) connect tibia and fibula
. Ankle fracture can passed from deltoid ligament through syndemosis to prox. Fibula (maisonneuve fracture)

19
Q

Achilles tendonitis

A

. Inflammation from inc. training, flat arches, thigh calves
. Can lead to Achilles tear

20
Q

Tarsal tunnel syndrome

A

. Pressure on post. Tibial n. As it passes through tunnel of med. ankle
. Burning pain in foot, pins and needs, pain radiating to arch, heel, or toes