Thoracic cavity theory Flashcards
How many lobes does the LEFT lung have? What are they called? And what is the difference between the different animals?
The left lung has 2 lobes
- Lobus cranialis(divided) and lobus caudalis
Applies to dog, cat, pig, ox, goat and sheep
In the horse’s lobus cranialis isn’t divided
How many lobes does the RIGHT lung have? What are they called? And what is the difference between the different animals?
The right lung has 4 lobes
- Lobus cranialis, lobus caudalis, lobus medius and lobus accessorius
Applies to dog, cat and pig
In the ox, goat and sheep lobus cranialis is divided.
In the horse lobus medius is missing
Surfaces of the lungs
- Facies costalis
- Margo dorsalis
- Margo ventralis
- Facies diaphragmatica (caudally)
Facies mediastinalis:
Left lung:
- impressio cardiaca
- impressio aortica
Right lung:
- Impressio cardiaca is found on cranial + medial lobe
- Sulcus venae cavae on accessory lobe
- Impressio esophageii on cranial and medial lobe
Blood supply of the lungs
- broncho-esophageal artery and vein
- pulmonary arteries and veins
After removing the lungs what can we see?
The Mediastinum:
- Heart
- Oesophagus
- Trachea
- n. vagus
- truncus sympatheticus (near spine)
- vena cava cranialis
- nervus phrenicus (supplies diaphragma)
Parts of the heart
It is divided into four chambers:
- right atrium
- left atrium
- right ventricle
- left ventricle
Blood supply of the heart
Blood supply is provided by the coronary arteries and their branches
- a. coronaria sinistra
- a. coronaria dextra
Left artery goes from the left sinus of the aortic bulb. Connects and supplies the walls of the left ventricle.
Right artery goes from the right sinus of the aortic bulb. Then in ruminants and carnivores it goes to the right interventricular groove or turns into it. In horse and pig it extends to the apex.
How many valves does the heart have and what are they called?
There are 4 valves:
- The atrioventricular (mitral and tricuspid)
- semilunar (aortic and pulmonic)
What does the wall of the heart consist of?
it consists of 3 layers:
- endocardium
- myocardium
- epicardium
Heart’s innervation
the autonomic nervous system
Pericardium tissue
It has a fibrous and serous layer
Aortic arch structure
It’s a small arch/bend in the aorta
Blood vessels in the thorax
There are 3 bloodvessels in the thorax:
- aorta thoracica
- vena. azygos
- Caudal vena cava
