Pelvic limb muscle theory Flashcards
The intrinsic musculature of the pelvic limb is divided into:
- muscles of the hip
–> rump muscles
–> caudal muscles of the thigh
–> medial muscles of the thigh
–> inner pelvic muscles - muscles of the strife
- muscles of the tarsus
- muscles of the digits
Muscles of the hip
- Rump muscles
m. gluteus superficialis
m. gluteofemoralis
m. gluteus medius
m. piriformis
m. gluteus profundus
m. tensor fasciae latae
Muscles of the hip
- Caudal muscles of the thigh
m. biceps femoris
m. abductor cruris caudalis
m. semitendinosus
m. semimembranosus
Muscles of the hip
- Medial muscles of the thigh
m. sartorius
m. gracilis
m. pectineus
mm. adductores
Muscles of the hip
- Inner pelvic muscles
m. obturatorius internus
m. obturatorius externus
mm. gemelli
m. quadratus femoris
m. articularis coxae
Muscles of the stifle
m. quadriceps femoris (4 heads)
- vastus lateralis
- vastus medialis
- vastus intermedius
- rectus femoris
m. popliteus
Muscles of the crus
- Craniolateral muscles of the crus
Flexors of the tarsus:
m. tibialis cranialis
m. fibularis longus
m. fibularis brevis
m. fibularis tertius
Extensors of the tarsus:
m. extensor digitorum longus
m. extensor digitorum lateralis
m. extensor hallucis longus
Muscles of the crus
- Caudal muscles of the crus
Extensors of the tarsus:
m. gastrocnemius
m. soleus
Flexors of the digits:
m. flexor digitorum superficialis
m. flexor digitorum profundus (3 heads)
- m. tibialis caudalis
- m. flexor digitorum lateralis
- m. flexor digitorum medialis
Short digital muscles
m. extensor digitorum brevis
m. flexor digitorum brevis
mm. interflexorii
mm. interossei
mm. lumbricales
m. quadratus plantae
Extensor digitorum superficialis/longus
Innervation: Fibular nerve
Function: Extensor of the digits, extensor of the stifle joint
Insertion: Extensor process of the distal phalanx
Gastrocnemius
- lateralis
Innervation: Tibial nerve
Function: Extensor of the tarsus; flexor of the stifle joint
Insertion: Calcaneal tuber (Achilles tendon)
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Innervation: Tibial nerve
Function: Flexor of the stifle joint; flexor of the digits; extensor of the tarsus
Insertion: Proximal phalanx and middle phalanx
Flexor digitorum profundus
Innervation: Tibial nerve
Function: Flexor of the digits
Insertion: Deep digital flexor tendon, distal phalanx
(It has 3 heads, inn, fun and ins are the same for all.
The three heads are m. tibialis caudalis, flex. dig. medialis and flex. dig. lateralis.)
(2 heads) Biceps femoris
Vertebral head:
Innervation: Caudal gluteal nerve
Function: Flexor of strife joint: extensor of tarsus
Insertion: Patella, deep fascia of leg
Pelvic head:
Innervation: Tibial nerve
Function: Abductor of the hindlimb
Insertion: Common calcaneal tendon
Quadriceps femoris
- vastus lateralis
Innervation: Femoral nerve
Function: Extensor of the stifle joint
Insertion: Patella, tibial tuberosity
Rectus femoris
Innervation: Femoral nerve
Function: Extensor of the stifle joint; flexor of the hip joint
Insertion: Patella, tibial tuberosity
Sartorius
- lateralis
Innervation: Femoral nerve
Function: Adducts and draws hindlimb forward
Insertion: Deep fascia of the leg
Tensor fasciae latae
Innervation: Cranial gluteal nerve
Function: Draws limbs forwards, tensor of the fascia
Insertion: Fascia lata
Gluteus superficialis
Innervation: Caudal gluteal nerve
Function: Extensor and flexor of the hip joint
Insertion: Greater and third trochanters
Gluteus medius
Innervation: Caudal gluteal nerve
Function: Extensor of the hip joint, draws limb outwards and backwards
Insertion: Greater trochanter
Gluteus profundus
Innervation: Cranial gluteal nerve
Function: Greater trochanter
Insertion: Draws limb outwards and backwards
Piriformis
Innervation: Cranial gluteal nerve
Function: Extensor of the hip joint, draws limb outwards and backwards
Insertion: Greater trochanter
Semitendinosus
Innervation: Caudal gluteal nerve, tibial nerve
Function: Flexor of the stifle joint: extensor of the hip joint
Insertion: Cranial
Semimembranosus
Innervation: Caudal gluteal nerve, tibial nerve
Function: Extensor of the strife joint: draws the limb inwards
Insertion: Medial condyle of femur and tibia
Gracilis
Innervation: Obturator nerve
Function: Adduction
Insertion: Deep fascia of the leg
Abductor cruris femoris caudalis
Innervation: Fibularis nerve
Function: Draws the limb outward
Insertion: Deep fascia of leg
Tibialis cranialis
Innervation: Fibular nerve
Function: Flexor of tarsus
Insertion: Tarsal and metatarsal bones
Fibularis longus
Innervation: Fibular nerve
Function: Flexor of tarsus, draws limb inwards
Insertion: Tarsal (T1) or metatarsal bones (Mt 1)
Extensor digitorum lateralis
Innervation: Fibular nerve
Function: Extensor of the digits
Insertion: Middle phalanx of the 5th or 4th digit; extensor process of the distal phalanx in the horse
Fibularis brevis
Innervation: Fibular nerve
Function: Flexor of tarsus
Insertion: Metatarsal bone (Mt 5)
flexor digitorum lateralis
Innervation: Tibial nerve
Function: Flexor of the digits
Insertion: Deep digital flexor tendon, distal phalanx
pectineus
Innervation: Obturator and femoral nerves
Function: Adduction
Insertion: Medial border of the femur
