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OS 205 > Thoracic Cage And Breast > Flashcards

Thoracic Cage And Breast Flashcards

0
Q

Functions of the thoracic cage

A

Resist negative internal pressure of elastic recoil of lungs, protect heart and lungs, formation of rbc

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1
Q

Components of the thoracic cage

A

Ribs, sternum, costal cartilage, vertebrae, attached muscles

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2
Q

Primary site of rbc formation

A

Red marrow of sternum and ribs

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3
Q

Communication of thorax with neck and upper limbs

A

Thoracic inlet

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4
Q

Anterior boundary of thoracic inlet

A

Manubrium of sternum

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5
Q

Posterior boundary of thoracic inlet

A

Body of T1

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6
Q

Lateral boundary of thoracic inlet

A

1st pair of ribs

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7
Q

Shape of the thoracic inlet

A

Kidney shaped

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8
Q

Communication of thorax with abdomen

A

Thoracic outlet (inferior thoracic aperture)

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9
Q

Anterior boundary of thoracic outlet

A

Xiphisternal joint

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10
Q

Posterior boundary of thoracic outlet

A

Body of T12

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11
Q

Anterolateral boundary of thoracic outlet

A

Joined costal cartilages of ribs 7-10 (costal margin)

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12
Q

Posterolateral boundary of thoracic outlet

A

11th and 12th pairs of ribs

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13
Q

Structures that pass through the thoracic inlet

A

Trachea, esophagus, vagus nerves, thoracic duct, major blood vessels

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14
Q

Structures that pass through thoracic outlet

A

Aorta, inferior vena cava, esophagus, vagus nerve

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15
Q

Which thoracic aperture is larger

A

Inferior

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16
Q

Why is the thoracic outlet oblique

A

Posterior wall is longer than anterior wall

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17
Q

Forms bony ridges at the junction of thorax and neck

A

Clavicle

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18
Q

Located between the medial ends of the clavicles

A

Jugular notch

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19
Q

The jugular notch lies at the level of which thoracic vertebrae

A

T2

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20
Q

The sternoclavicular joint is located lateral to what structure?

A

Jugular notch

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21
Q

The manubrium of sternum lies at the level of which vertebral bodies

A

T3 and T4

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22
Q

Angle between the manubrium and body of sternum

A

Sternal angle of louis

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23
Q

Which rib is adjacent to sternal angle of louis

A

2nd rib

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24
Q

The sternal angle of louis lies at the level of which intervertebral disc

A

T4 and T5

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25
Q

The body of the sternum lies on the level of what vertebrae?

A

T5 to T9

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26
Q

Midline depression or cleavage between the mature female breasts

A

Intermammary cleft

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27
Q

The xiphoid process of the sternum lies on what level?

A

T10

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28
Q

The costal margins are formed by cartilages of which ribs?

A

7-10

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29
Q

Angle formed by left and right costal margins?

A

Infrasternal angle or subcostal angle

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30
Q

Which ribs are palpable?

A

2nd to 10th

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31
Q

The nipples of men lie on which intercostal space

A

4th intercostal space

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32
Q

Surrounds the nipple and contains sebaceous glands

A

Areola

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33
Q

First prominent spine

A

C7

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34
Q

What is the vertebra prominens?

A

Spinous process of c7

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35
Q

Landmark in chest physical examination

A

Triangle of auscultation

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36
Q

The scapula overlies which ribs?

A

2nd to 7th

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37
Q

Ribs whose costal cartilage is directly attached to sternum

A

Vertebrosternal (true)

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38
Q

Ribs whose costal cartilage is attached to costal cartilages of true ribs?

A

Vertebrochondral (false)

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39
Q

Ribs not attached to the sternum?

A

Floating ribs (free, vertebral)

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40
Q

Which ribs are floating?

A

11-12

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41
Q

Which ribs are false?

A

8-10

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42
Q

Which ribs are true?

A

1-7

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43
Q

Which ribs are typical?

A

3-9

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44
Q

The head of typical ribs articulate with which structure?

A

Vertebra of same number and vertebra superior to it

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45
Q

What separates the two rib facets?

A

Crest

46
Q

What structures attach to the rib tubercle?

A

Articular part - Transverse process of vertebra

Nonarticular part - costotransverse ligament

47
Q

The costal groove protects which structures?

A

Intercostal nerves and vessels

48
Q

Ribs with only one facet on the head

A

1, 10, 11, 12

49
Q

Ribs with no neck and tubercle

A

11 and 12

50
Q

Rib with tuberosity for serratus anterior

A

2nd

51
Q

How many intercostal spaces are there?

A

11

52
Q

The demifacets on the thoracic vertebral bodies articulate with what structure

A

Head of rib

53
Q

Widest and thickest part of sternum

A

Manubrium

54
Q

Smallest, most variable part of sternum

A

Xiphoid process

55
Q

Type of joint which connects parts of sternum

A

Synchondroses

56
Q

2 joints of the sternum

A

Manubriosternal, xiphisternal

57
Q

Primary muscle of inspiration

A

Diaphragm

58
Q

What are the accessory respiratory muscles

A

Pectoralis major and minor
Inferior part of serratus anterior
Scalene muscles

59
Q

Main action of intercostal muscles

A

Maintain space between ribs during inspiration and expiration

60
Q

Direction of fibers of external intercostals

A

Inferiorly and medially

61
Q

Direction of fibers of internal intercostals

A

Inferiorly and laterally

62
Q

Intercostal muscle active in expiration

A

Internal intercostal

63
Q

Intercostal muscle active in inspiration

A

External intercostal muscle

64
Q

Which intercostal muscle is stronger?

A

External intercostal

65
Q

Fascia which invests muscles and tendons, fat, sweat glands, and mammary glands

A

Superficial fascia

66
Q

Fascia devoid of fat and helps hold thorax and as barrier to infection

A

Deep fascia

67
Q

Fascia associated with pectoralis major and major part of bed of breast

A

Pectoral fascia

68
Q

Fascia investing the pectoralis minor and attached to clavicle

A

Clavipectoral fascia

69
Q

Fascia which invests the internal thoracic cage

A

Endothoracic fascia

70
Q

Innervation of thoracic wall

A

Thoracic spinal nerves

71
Q

Divisions of thoracic spinal nerves

A

Anterior and posterior rami

72
Q

Anterior rami of nerves T1 to T11

A

Intercostal nerves

73
Q

Anterior ramus of nerve t12

A

Subcostal nerve

74
Q

Innervates deep back muscles, joints, skin of posterior thoracic region

A

Posterior ramus of thoracic spinal nerves

75
Q

Arterial supply of thoracic wall

A

Thoracic aorta, subclavian artery, axillary artery

76
Q

Branches of thoracic aorta which supply thoracic wall

A

Posterior intercostal and subcostal artery

77
Q

Branches of subclavian artery which supply thoracic wall

A

Internal thoracic and supreme intercostal artery

78
Q

Branches of axillary artery which supply thoracic wall

A

Superior and lateral thoracic artery

79
Q

Mammary glands are modified versions of what glands

A

Sweat gland

80
Q

2/3 of the breast lies on _____ and 1/3 of the breast lies on _______

A

Pectoralis major, serratus anterior

81
Q

Number of lobes in mammary gland

A

15-20

82
Q

Drainage of the lobes which open into the nipples

A

Lactiferous ducts

83
Q

Dilatations or ampullae where tiny droplets of milk accumulate in nursing mother

A

Lactiferous ducts

84
Q

Attaches breast to skin and superficial fascia

A

Suspensory ligament of cooper

85
Q

Contains openings for lactiferous ducts, has no fat, sweat gland or hair, and can erect due to mechanical excitation

A

Nipple

86
Q

When does the areola become darker? Lighter?

A

Dark - pregnancy

Light - lactation

87
Q

This becomes enlarged during pregnancy and secretes milk

A

Alveoli

88
Q

Alveoli cells in the center of the alveoli degenerate into fats and eliminated in the first milk as?

A

Colustrum corpuscles

89
Q

Normal extension of breast tissue towards axilla

A

Accessory tail of spence

90
Q

Median area between breast

A

Sinus mammarium

91
Q

Forms the rough surface of the areola

A

Tubercles of montgomery

92
Q

Innervation of breasts

A

Anterior and lateral cutaneous branches of 4th-6th intercostal nerves

93
Q

Arterial supply of breasts from subclavian artery

A

Medial mammary branches of perforating branches

Anterior intercostal branches of internal thoracic artery

94
Q

Arterial supply of breasts from axillary artery

A

Lateral thoracic and thoraco-acromial artery

95
Q

Arterial supply of breasts from thoracic aorta

A

Posterior intercostal arteries

96
Q

Venous drainage of breasts

A

Axillary vein, partially in the internal thoracic vein

97
Q

Circular anastomoses on base of nipple

A

Circulus venosus

98
Q

The circulus venosus drains here

A

Axillary and internal mamary vein

99
Q

Lymphatic drainage of lateral and inferior breast

A

Axillary node

100
Q

Lymphatic drainage of the medial breast

A

Internal thoracic nodes (parasternal nodes)

101
Q

Lymphatic drainage of superior breasts

A

Supraclavicular nodes

102
Q

First step in physical examination of chest

A

Inspection of configuration of chest, range of respiratory movement, type and rate of respiratory movement, inequalities of 2 sides

103
Q

Enables you to confirm impressions gained from inspection

A

Palpation

104
Q

Sharp tapping of chest walls with fingers

A

Percussion

105
Q

Sound of percussion of lungs

A

Resonant note

106
Q

Sound of percussion of heart

A

Dull

107
Q

Enables physician to listen to breath sounds, heart sounds, and friction of rubbing of pleura or pericardium

A

Auscultation

108
Q

Clinical quadrants of the breast

A

Upper inner, upper outer, lower inner, lower outer

109
Q

The axillary tail of spence is located on which quadrant

A

Upper outer

110
Q

How should you palpate the breast?

A

Circular fashion, from nipple moving outward, extending to the axilla to palpate axillary tail. Both breasts should be palpated in the same way

111
Q

Change in texture or dimpling of breast

A

Peau d orange

112
Q

True or false, a retracted nipple may indicate a pathology

A

True

OS 205 (4 decks)

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