Thoracic Cage And Breast Flashcards
0
Q
Functions of the thoracic cage
A
Resist negative internal pressure of elastic recoil of lungs, protect heart and lungs, formation of rbc
1
Q
Components of the thoracic cage
A
Ribs, sternum, costal cartilage, vertebrae, attached muscles
2
Q
Primary site of rbc formation
A
Red marrow of sternum and ribs
3
Q
Communication of thorax with neck and upper limbs
A
Thoracic inlet
4
Q
Anterior boundary of thoracic inlet
A
Manubrium of sternum
5
Q
Posterior boundary of thoracic inlet
A
Body of T1
6
Q
Lateral boundary of thoracic inlet
A
1st pair of ribs
7
Q
Shape of the thoracic inlet
A
Kidney shaped
8
Q
Communication of thorax with abdomen
A
Thoracic outlet (inferior thoracic aperture)
9
Q
Anterior boundary of thoracic outlet
A
Xiphisternal joint
10
Q
Posterior boundary of thoracic outlet
A
Body of T12
11
Q
Anterolateral boundary of thoracic outlet
A
Joined costal cartilages of ribs 7-10 (costal margin)
12
Q
Posterolateral boundary of thoracic outlet
A
11th and 12th pairs of ribs
13
Q
Structures that pass through the thoracic inlet
A
Trachea, esophagus, vagus nerves, thoracic duct, major blood vessels
14
Q
Structures that pass through thoracic outlet
A
Aorta, inferior vena cava, esophagus, vagus nerve
15
Q
Which thoracic aperture is larger
A
Inferior
16
Q
Why is the thoracic outlet oblique
A
Posterior wall is longer than anterior wall
17
Q
Forms bony ridges at the junction of thorax and neck
A
Clavicle
18
Q
Located between the medial ends of the clavicles
A
Jugular notch
19
Q
The jugular notch lies at the level of which thoracic vertebrae
A
T2
20
Q
The sternoclavicular joint is located lateral to what structure?
A
Jugular notch
21
Q
The manubrium of sternum lies at the level of which vertebral bodies
A
T3 and T4
22
Q
Angle between the manubrium and body of sternum
A
Sternal angle of louis
23
Q
Which rib is adjacent to sternal angle of louis
A
2nd rib
24
The sternal angle of louis lies at the level of which intervertebral disc
T4 and T5
25
The body of the sternum lies on the level of what vertebrae?
T5 to T9
26
Midline depression or cleavage between the mature female breasts
Intermammary cleft
27
The xiphoid process of the sternum lies on what level?
T10
28
The costal margins are formed by cartilages of which ribs?
7-10
29
Angle formed by left and right costal margins?
Infrasternal angle or subcostal angle
30
Which ribs are palpable?
2nd to 10th
31
The nipples of men lie on which intercostal space
4th intercostal space
32
Surrounds the nipple and contains sebaceous glands
Areola
33
First prominent spine
C7
34
What is the vertebra prominens?
Spinous process of c7
35
Landmark in chest physical examination
Triangle of auscultation
36
The scapula overlies which ribs?
2nd to 7th
37
Ribs whose costal cartilage is directly attached to sternum
Vertebrosternal (true)
38
Ribs whose costal cartilage is attached to costal cartilages of true ribs?
Vertebrochondral (false)
39
Ribs not attached to the sternum?
Floating ribs (free, vertebral)
40
Which ribs are floating?
11-12
41
Which ribs are false?
8-10
42
Which ribs are true?
1-7
43
Which ribs are typical?
3-9
44
The head of typical ribs articulate with which structure?
Vertebra of same number and vertebra superior to it
45
What separates the two rib facets?
Crest
46
What structures attach to the rib tubercle?
Articular part - Transverse process of vertebra
| Nonarticular part - costotransverse ligament
47
The costal groove protects which structures?
Intercostal nerves and vessels
48
Ribs with only one facet on the head
1, 10, 11, 12
49
Ribs with no neck and tubercle
11 and 12
50
Rib with tuberosity for serratus anterior
2nd
51
How many intercostal spaces are there?
11
52
The demifacets on the thoracic vertebral bodies articulate with what structure
Head of rib
53
Widest and thickest part of sternum
Manubrium
54
Smallest, most variable part of sternum
Xiphoid process
55
Type of joint which connects parts of sternum
Synchondroses
56
2 joints of the sternum
Manubriosternal, xiphisternal
57
Primary muscle of inspiration
Diaphragm
58
What are the accessory respiratory muscles
Pectoralis major and minor
Inferior part of serratus anterior
Scalene muscles
59
Main action of intercostal muscles
Maintain space between ribs during inspiration and expiration
60
Direction of fibers of external intercostals
Inferiorly and medially
61
Direction of fibers of internal intercostals
Inferiorly and laterally
62
Intercostal muscle active in expiration
Internal intercostal
63
Intercostal muscle active in inspiration
External intercostal muscle
64
Which intercostal muscle is stronger?
External intercostal
65
Fascia which invests muscles and tendons, fat, sweat glands, and mammary glands
Superficial fascia
66
Fascia devoid of fat and helps hold thorax and as barrier to infection
Deep fascia
67
Fascia associated with pectoralis major and major part of bed of breast
Pectoral fascia
68
Fascia investing the pectoralis minor and attached to clavicle
Clavipectoral fascia
69
Fascia which invests the internal thoracic cage
Endothoracic fascia
70
Innervation of thoracic wall
Thoracic spinal nerves
71
Divisions of thoracic spinal nerves
Anterior and posterior rami
72
Anterior rami of nerves T1 to T11
Intercostal nerves
73
Anterior ramus of nerve t12
Subcostal nerve
74
Innervates deep back muscles, joints, skin of posterior thoracic region
Posterior ramus of thoracic spinal nerves
75
Arterial supply of thoracic wall
Thoracic aorta, subclavian artery, axillary artery
76
Branches of thoracic aorta which supply thoracic wall
Posterior intercostal and subcostal artery
77
Branches of subclavian artery which supply thoracic wall
Internal thoracic and supreme intercostal artery
78
Branches of axillary artery which supply thoracic wall
Superior and lateral thoracic artery
79
Mammary glands are modified versions of what glands
Sweat gland
80
2/3 of the breast lies on _____ and 1/3 of the breast lies on _______
Pectoralis major, serratus anterior
81
Number of lobes in mammary gland
15-20
82
Drainage of the lobes which open into the nipples
Lactiferous ducts
83
Dilatations or ampullae where tiny droplets of milk accumulate in nursing mother
Lactiferous ducts
84
Attaches breast to skin and superficial fascia
Suspensory ligament of cooper
85
Contains openings for lactiferous ducts, has no fat, sweat gland or hair, and can erect due to mechanical excitation
Nipple
86
When does the areola become darker? Lighter?
Dark - pregnancy
| Light - lactation
87
This becomes enlarged during pregnancy and secretes milk
Alveoli
88
Alveoli cells in the center of the alveoli degenerate into fats and eliminated in the first milk as?
Colustrum corpuscles
89
Normal extension of breast tissue towards axilla
Accessory tail of spence
90
Median area between breast
Sinus mammarium
91
Forms the rough surface of the areola
Tubercles of montgomery
92
Innervation of breasts
Anterior and lateral cutaneous branches of 4th-6th intercostal nerves
93
Arterial supply of breasts from subclavian artery
Medial mammary branches of perforating branches
| Anterior intercostal branches of internal thoracic artery
94
Arterial supply of breasts from axillary artery
Lateral thoracic and thoraco-acromial artery
95
Arterial supply of breasts from thoracic aorta
Posterior intercostal arteries
96
Venous drainage of breasts
Axillary vein, partially in the internal thoracic vein
97
Circular anastomoses on base of nipple
Circulus venosus
98
The circulus venosus drains here
Axillary and internal mamary vein
99
Lymphatic drainage of lateral and inferior breast
Axillary node
100
Lymphatic drainage of the medial breast
Internal thoracic nodes (parasternal nodes)
101
Lymphatic drainage of superior breasts
Supraclavicular nodes
102
First step in physical examination of chest
Inspection of configuration of chest, range of respiratory movement, type and rate of respiratory movement, inequalities of 2 sides
103
Enables you to confirm impressions gained from inspection
Palpation
104
Sharp tapping of chest walls with fingers
Percussion
105
Sound of percussion of lungs
Resonant note
106
Sound of percussion of heart
Dull
107
Enables physician to listen to breath sounds, heart sounds, and friction of rubbing of pleura or pericardium
Auscultation
108
Clinical quadrants of the breast
Upper inner, upper outer, lower inner, lower outer
109
The axillary tail of spence is located on which quadrant
Upper outer
110
How should you palpate the breast?
Circular fashion, from nipple moving outward, extending to the axilla to palpate axillary tail. Both breasts should be palpated in the same way
111
Change in texture or dimpling of breast
Peau d orange
112
True or false, a retracted nipple may indicate a pathology
True
