Thoracic Cage

Question 1

Posterior:

Answer 1

Thoracic part of the
vertebral column (T1 – T12)

Question 2

Anterior:

Answer 2

Sternum and Costal Cartilages

Question 3

Lateral:

Answer 3

Ribs and Intercostal Spaces

Question 4

Superior:

Answer 4

Suprapleural Membrane

Question 5

Inferior:

Answer 5

Diaphragm

Question 6

through which the chest cavity
communicates with the root of the
neck

Answer 6

THE THORACIC OUTLET

Boundaries:
Posterior - T1
Lateral – Medial border of 1st ribs
and their costal cartilages
Anterior: Superior border of
manubrium

Question 7

communicates with the abdomen
through a large opening

Answer 7

THE THORACIC OUTLET

Boundaries:
Posterior – T12
Lateral – Costal margin
Anterior – Xiphisternal Joint

Question 8

tent-shaped fibrous sheet

Answer 8

SUPRAPLEURAL MEMBRANE

Boundaries:
Lateral - Medial border of the
1st rib & costal cartilage
Apex - Tip of the transverse
process of C7
Medial - Fascia from thorax to
the neck

Question 9

SUPRAPLEURAL MEMBRANE
Functions:

Answer 9

Protects the underlying
cervical pleura

Resists the changes in
intrathoracic pressure

Question 10

Upper part of sternum
- Articulates with:

Answer 10

Manubrium

Body : Sternal Angle
Clavicles : Clavicular Notch
1st costal cartilage and
upper part of the 2nd costal
cartilage : Facets
- Lies opposite T3 and T4

Question 11

Body of the Sternum
- Articulates with:

Answer 11

Manubrium : Sternal Angle
Xiphoid Process:
Xiphisternal Angle
2nd to 7th Costal Cartilages :
Facets

Question 12

Thin plate of cartilage that
becomes ossified at its proximal
end during adult life
- No ribs / costal cartilages
attached
- Gk. “sword-shaped”

Answer 12

Xiphoid Process

Question 13

Sternal Angle

Answer 13

Manubriosternal Angle /
Sternal Angle of Louis
- Articulation of manubrium with
body of the sternum
- At the level of the 2nd costal
cartilage
- Lies opposite the intervertebral
discs between T4 and T5

Question 14

Articulation of xiphoid process to
the body of the sternum
- Lies opposite the body of T9

Answer 14

Xiphisternal Angle

Question 15

Suprasternal notch –

Answer 15

between T2 and T3

Question 16

Manubrium –

Answer 16

T3 and T4

Question 17

Sternal Angle

Answer 17

between T4 and T5

Question 18

• Body of Sternum –

Answer 18

T5 to T8

Question 19

Xiphisternal Joint

Answer 19

T9

Question 20

Thoracic Cavity –

Answer 20

T1 to T12

Question 21

RIBS
▪ 12 pairs
▪ 3 categories:
1. True ribs

2. False ribs
3. Floating ribs

Answer 21

first 7 pairs

8th, 9th, 10th pairs

11th and 12th pairs

Question 22

• contribute to the elasticity and mobility of the
  thoracic walls

Answer 22

COSTAL CARTILAGE

Question 23

• accommodates the intercostal vessels and nerve

Answer 23

COSTAL GROOVE

Question 24

• has 2 facets for articulation

Answer 24

Head

Question 25

- between the head and tubercle

Answer 25

Neck

Question 26

- prominence on the outer surface of the rib - has a facet for articulation with transverse process

Answer 26

Tubercle

Question 27

- Thin and flattened and twisted on its long axis - Inferior border has the costal groove

Answer 27

Shaft

Question 28

- Where the shaft of the rib bends sharply forward

Answer 28

Angle

Question 29

Small and flattened from above downward - Has a close relationship to the brachial plexus and main vessels to the arm

Answer 29

ATYPICAL RIB

Question 30

JOINTS BETWEEN TWO VERTEBRAL BODIES ▪ Thin plates of hyaline cartilage ▪ Intervertebral disc of fibrocartilage

Answer 30

- Semielastic - Serve as shock absorbers - Resilience gradually lost with age

Question 31

JOINTS OF THE THORACIC WALL Sternum (2)

Answer 31

1. Manubriosternal Joint 2. Xiphisternal Joint

Question 32

JOINTS BETWEEN COSTAL CARTILAGES AND STERNUM 1st rib to manubrium; cartilaginous ▪ ribs to body of the sternum; synovial ▪ ribs articulate with 6 and 7 with synovial joints ▪ – embedded in the abdominal musculature

Answer 32

2nd to 7th 8th ,9th ,10th 11th , 12th ribs

Question 33

other term for suprapleural membrane

Answer 33

sibson’s fascia