Mediastinum & Pleura Flashcards by Neiomi Tupas

The Thoracic cavity - Mediastinum & pleura
Boundaries:

• Superior: suprapleural membrane
• Inferior: diaphragm
• Anterior: Sternum
• posterior: Thoracic vertebra / vertebral column
• Lateral: Ribs
• Divisions: Mediastinum - medial
Pleurae & lungs - lateral

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Mediastinum Boundaries:

• superior: Thoracic outlet & Root of the neck
• Inferior: Diaphragm
• Anterior: sternum
• Posterior: vertebral column
• Lateral: parietal Pleura
• Divisions: superior & Inferior

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covering of lungs

parietal pleura

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upper portion of the imaginary line from Sternal angle to the lower body of T4

superior mediastinum

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3 parts of Inferior mediastinum

• Anterior mediastinum
• Middle mediastinum
• Posterior mediastinum

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space between the sternum & pericardium

Anterior mediastinum

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pericardium & heart

Middle mediastinum

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lies between the pericardium & vertebral column

posterior mediastinum

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Superior Mediastinum:

Thymus
large veins
Large arteries
Trachea
Esophagus
Thoracic duct
Sympathetic Trunks

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Inferior Mediastinum

Thymus
Heart within the pericardium w/ phrenic nerves on each side
Esophaqus
Thoracie duct
Descending Aorta
Sympathetic Trunks

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covering of heart

pericardium

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Pleurae
2 parts:

> Parietal layer - outer external - superficial
visceral Layer - surrounding the actual organ - deep

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lines the thoracic wall, thoracic surface of the diaphragm, lateral aspect of the mediastinum & undersurface of the suprapleural membrane at the thoracic outlet

parietal pleura

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completely covers the outer surfaces of the lungs & extends into depths of the interlobar fissures

visceral pleura

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is a double fold of visceral pleura that separates the lobes of the lungs

interlobar fissure

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where the parietal & visceral pleura become continuous, Found at the Hilum of the lung.

cuff of pleura

entrance for structures to go
inside

hilum

allow For movement of the pulmonary vessels & large bronchi during respiration

Pulmonary ligament

a thin film of tissue fluid which covers the surfaces of the pleura

permits movement of the 2 layers w/ minimum friction

Pleural Fluid

Lines the undersurface of the suprapleural membrane
1 to 1.5 in. above the medial third of the clavicle

cervical pleura

Lines the inner surfaces of tne ribs, costal cartilages, intercostal spaces, sides of the vertebrel bodies, & back of sternum

Costal pleura

Lines the thoracic surface of the diaphragm

Diaphragmatic Pleura

lines the lateral boundary of the mediastinum
contains the cuff of pleura

Mediastinal Pleura

slit-like spaces separated by a capillary of pleural fluid where margins of the pleura slide in & out during respiration

• Costodiaphragmatic Recesses
• Costomediastinal Recesses

Nerve supply of the pleura Parietal pleura

costal pleura: Intercostal nerves Mediastinal Pleura: phrenic nerves = neck down - heart Diaphragmatic Pleura: Domes: Phrenic nerves periphery: Lower 6 intercostal nerves

Nerve supply of the pleura visceral pleura - nearer to the organ

pulmonary plexus - inside the lungs

Mobile cartilaginous & membranous tube Ends at the carina

trachea

found at the level Of the sternal angle

carina

Respiration:

Expiration - rises by one vertebral level Inspiration- lowers as Far as t6

trachea length in adults diameter

4.5 in 1 in

cartilage - keeps the trachea open

tracheal ring

guides the trachea when it opens/closes

Trachealis muscle

Blood supply of the trachea

upper 2/3: Inferior Thyroid arteries Lower 1/3: Brachial arteries

Lymph Drainage of the trachea

> pretracheal & Paratracheal Lymph Nodes > Deep cervical Nodes

Nerve supply of the trachea

> vagi & the Recurrent laryngeal Nerves > sympathetic nerves (trachealis muscle)

Primany bronchi Right Principal Bronchus: left Principal Bronchus:

Right Principal Bronchus: wider, shorter, more vertical 1in (2 cm) long left Principal Bronchus: narrower, longer, more horizontal 2in. (5cm) long