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Gen Ana midterms > Heart > Flashcards

Heart Flashcards

1
Q

Within the middle mediastinum

A

PERICARDIUM

Anterior boundary:
• Body of the sternum
• 2nd to the 6th costal
cartilages
Posterior boundary:
• T5 to T8

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2
Q

Fibroserous sac which
encloses the heart and the
roots of the great vessels

A

pericardium

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3
Q

function of pericardium

A

To restrict excessive
movements of the heart

To serve as a lubricant during
contraction of the heart

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4
Q
  • lines the fibrous pericardium
  • reflected around the roots of
    the great vessels
A

PARIETAL LAYER of serous pericardium

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5
Q

closely applied to the heart
Often called “Epicardium”

A

VISCERAL LAYER of serous pericardium

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6
Q

slitlike space between the layers
contains pericardial fluid

A

PERICARDIAL CAVITY of serous pericardium

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7
Q

Reflection of serous pericardium around the great blood vessels

A

PERICARDIAL SINUSES

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8
Q

location:
Anterior to the superior
vena cava
Posterior to the
ascending aorta and
pulmonary trunk

A

TRANSVERSE SINUS

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9
Q
  • posterior to the heart in
    the pericardial sac
  • Right boundary:
    Inferior vena cava
    and the right
    pulmonary veins
  • Left boundary:
    Left pulmonary veins
A

OBLIQUE SINUS

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10
Q

innervate fibrous pericardium & parietal layer of serous pericardium

A

NERVE SUPPLY OF
THE PERICARDIUM

• PHRENIC NERVES

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11
Q

innervate visceral layer of the serous pericardium

A

NERVE SUPPLY OF
THE PERICARDIUM

• VAGUS NERVES AND SYMPATHETIC TRUNKS

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12
Q

walls of the heart

A

• visceral layer of serous pericardium (epicardium)
• myocardium
• endocardium

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13
Q

chambers of the heart

A

right and left atrium
right and left ventricle

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14
Q

surfaces of the heart

A

• Sternocostal (anterior)
• Diaphragmatic (inferior)
• Base (posterior)
* Apex - downward,
forward, to the left

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15
Q
  • formed mainly by right atrium
    and the right ventricle
    (+) Vertical atrioventricular groove
  • also touches the left
    ventricle and left auricle
    (+) Anterior interventricular groove
A

Sternocostal (anterior)

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16
Q
  • formed mainly by right and
    left ventricles
    (+) Posterior interventricular groove
  • also touches the inferior
    surface of the right atrium (IVC)
A

Diaphragmatic (inferior)

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17
Q
  • formed mainly
    by the left
    atrium; opposite
    the apex
A

Base of the Heart
(posterior)

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18
Q
  • left ventricle;
    level of 5th
    intercostal space
  • 3.5 in (9cm) from
    midline
A

Apex of the Heart

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19
Q
  • Divides the thin-
    walled atria
  • Runs from the
    anterior wall of
    the heart
    backward and
    to the right
A

ATRIAL SEPTUM

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20
Q
  • Placed obliquely
  • One surface facing
    forward to the right
    and other facing
    backward to the
    left
A

VENTRICULAR SEPTUM

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21
Q

Vertical ridge that
runs from SVC to IVC

A

RIGHT ATRIUM
Crista terminalis

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22
Q
  • Groove on the
    exterior of the heart
    that corresponds to
    crista terminalis
A

RIGHT ATRIUM
Sulcus terminalis

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23
Q

RIGHT ATRIUM
Posterior to the ridge:
• Smooth walled
• Derived from

A

SINUS VENOSUS

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24
Q

RIGHT ATRIUM

Anterior to the ridge:
• Roughened by

• Derived from

A

musculi pectinati

PRIMITIVE ATRIUM

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25
OPENINGS IN THE RIGHT ATRIUM
• Superior Vena Cava • Right atrioventricular orifice • Coronary Sinus • Inferior Vena Cava
26
– no valve - returns the blood to the heart from the upper half of the body
Superior Vena Cava
27
– guarded by a rudimentary, nonfunctioning valve - returns the blood to the heart from the lower half of the body - larger than SVC
• Inferior Vena Cava
28
- drains most of the blood from the heart wall - between IVC and atrioventricular orifice - guarded by a rudimentary, nonfunctioning valve
Coronary Sinus
29
- anterior to the inferior vena caval opening - guarded by the tricuspid valve
Right atrioventricular orifice
30
Lie on the atrial septum
FETAL REMNANTS
31
FETAL REMNANTS - site of the foramen ovale in the fetus
Fossa ovalis
32
FETAL REMNANTS - upper margin of the fossa
Anulus ovalis
33
OPENINGS IN THE RIGHT VENTRICLE
• Pulmonary orifice • Atrioventricular orifice
34
right ventricle - internal projecting ridges formed by muscle bundles
Trabeculae carneae
35
Trabeculae carneae 3 types:
1. Papillary muscles – Chordae tendinae 2. Moderator band 3. Prominent ridges
36
Bases attached to fibrous ring of the skeleton of the heart - Free edges attached to chordae tendinae
TRICUSPID VALVE
37
TRICUSPID VALVE 3cusps
A. ANTERIOR CUSP B. SEPTAL CUSP C. POSTERIOR CUSP
38
collagen & elastic fibers between chambers & around valves
Fibrous skeleton:
39
• structural support • prevents valves from being overly distended • anchors myocardium • electrical "insulator" between atria a n d ventricles
Fibrous skeleton:
40
guards the pulmonary orifice - curved lower margins attached to arterial wall - open mouths of cusps directed upward into the trunk - consists of 3 semilunar cusps
PULMONARY VALVE
41
LEFT ATRIUM openings:
• 4 pulmonary veins (no valves) • Left atrioventricular orifice (mitral valve)
42
LEFT VENTRICLE openings:
• Aortic orifice • Left atrioventricular orifice
43
Walls are 3x thicker than the right ventricle. Cross section: Circular; right ventricle is crescentic
LEFT VENTRICLE
44
- guards the left atrioventricular orifice - 2 cusps (anterior and posterior)
MITRAL VALVE
45
- guards the aortic orifice - 3 cusps: a. Right / Anterior b. Left c. Posterior
AORTIC VALVE
46
- origin to right coronary artery
Right aortic sinus - aortic valve
47
- origin of left coronary artery
Left aortic sinus - aortic valve
48
- supplies the right atrium, right ventricle, parts of the left atrium and left ventricle and atrioventricular septum
RIGHT CORONARY ARTERY
49
BRANCHES OF THE RIGHT CORONARY ARTERY
• Right conus artery • Anterior ventricular branches • Marginal branch • Posterior ventricular branches • Posterior interventricular (descending) artery • Septal branch for AV node • Atrial branches • Artery of the SA node
50
supplies major part of the heart --- greater part of the left atrium, left ventricle, and ventricular septum - Divides into: Anterior descending branch Circumflex branch
LEFT CORONARY ARTERY
51
BRANCHES OF THE LEFT CORONARY ARTERY
• Anterior interventricular (descending) branch • Left diagonal artery • Left conus artery • Circumflex artery • Left marginal artery • Anterior ventricular branch • Posterior ventricular branch • Atrial branches
52
CONDUCTING SYSTEM OF THE HEART
Normal Heart Rate: 70-90 beats per min Atria contract first, then ventricles (+) Slight delay
53
pacemaker of the heart Location: - Wall of the right atrium - Upper part of sulcus terminalis - Right of the opening of SVC
SINOATRIAL NODE
54
Location: - Lower part of the atrial septum just above the attachment of the septal cusp of the tricuspid valve
AV node
55
Connects the myocardium of the atria and the myocardium of the ventricles - Divides into 2 branches (right and left bundle branches)
AV Bundle / Bundle of His
56
- Reach the moderator band
Right bundle branch (RBB)
57
- Pierces the septum - Divides into anterior and posterior
Left bundle branch (LBB)
58
- RBB and LBB becomes continuous with - Influenced by autonomic nerve supply PNS: Slow rhythm SNS: Fast rhythm
PURKINJE FIBERS
59
Cervical and Upper portions of the sympathetic trunks SA and AV nodes, cardiac muscle fibers, coronary arteries Cardiac acceleration, increased forced of contraction, vasodilatation
sympathetic
60
Vagus Nerves SA and AV nodes, coronary arteries Reduction in the rate and force of contraction, vasoconstriction
parasympathetic
61
LARGE ARTERIES OF THE THORAX
• ascending aorta • arch of the aorta • descending aorta • pulmonary trunk
62
ASCENDING AORTA
- Right coronary a. - Left coronary a.
63
ARCH OF THE AORTA
- Brachiocephalic a. - Left Common Carotid a. - Left Subclavian a.
64
DESCENDING AORTA
• - Posterior Intercostal a. - Pericardial, Esophageal, Bronchial arteries
65
PULMONARY TRUNK
- Right pulmonary artery - Left pulmonary artery
66
- fibrous band that connects the bifurcation of the pulmonary trunk to the aortic arch - remains of ductus arteriosus
Ligamentum arteriosum
67
- Union of subclavian vein and internal jugular vein
LARGE VEINS OF THE THORAX
68
- Union of subclavian vein and internal jugular vein
brachiocephalic veins
69
RIGHT VENTRICLE - Crosses the ventricular cavity from the septal to the anterior wall - Conveys the right branch of the AV bundle
Moderator band

Gen Ana midterms (4 decks)

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