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OS1 Final > Thoracic And Lumbar Mechanics LECT > Flashcards

Thoracic And Lumbar Mechanics LECT Flashcards

1
Q

Cervical Curvature?

A

Lordosis

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2
Q

Thoracic Curvature?

A

Kyphosis

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3
Q

Lumbar Curvature?

A

Lordosis

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4
Q

Sacral Curvature?

A

Kyphosis

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5
Q

Describe the body of the Thoracic Vertebra

A

Medium size
Heart Shaped
Costal Facets present

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6
Q

Describe the spinous process of the thoracic vertebra

A

Long

Slope postero-inferiorly

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7
Q

Describe the body of the lumbar vertebra

A

Large

Kidney shape

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8
Q

Describe the spinous process of the lumbar vertebra

A

Short

Broad

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9
Q

What is a vertebral unit composed of?

A

Two adjacent vertebrae

Associated intervertebral disc

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10
Q

Thoracic spinous process located in same plane as the transverse process

A

T1-3, 12

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11
Q

Thoracic spinous process located 1/2 segment below corresponding transverse process

A

T4-6, 11

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12
Q

Thoracic spinous process located at the level of the transverse process of the vertebra below

A

T7-9, 10

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13
Q

Cervical Superior Facet orientation

A

Backward, Upward, Medial (BUM)

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14
Q

Thoracic superior facet orientation

A

Backward, upward, lateral (BUL)

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15
Q

Lumbar Superior Facet Orientation

A

Backward, Medial (BM)

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16
Q

Anterior longitudinal ligament description and action

A

Strong, broad, fibrous band that covers and connects the anterolateral aspects of the vertebral bodies and IV discs

Limits extension

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17
Q

Posterior Longitudinal Ligament

A

Narrower, weaker band, runs w/in the vertebral canal along the posterior aspect of the vertebral bodies

Resists hyperflexion

Prevents posterior herniation of nucleus pulposus

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18
Q

Ligamentum flava

A

Connect the laminae of adjacent vertebra

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19
Q

Interspinous Ligaments

A

Connects adjoining spinous processes

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20
Q

Intertransverse Ligaments

A

Connects adjoining transverse processes

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21
Q

Iliolumbar ligament

A

Attaches superior aspect of ilium to transverse processes of L4–5
Strengthens sacral joint

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22
Q

Rotatores Ms OIA

A

O/I: T1-12, bw transverse and spinous processes of adjacent vertebra
A: Bilateral - extends thoracic spine
Unilateral - Rotates thoracic spine to the opposite side

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23
Q

Multifidus M. OIAN

A

O: Sacrum, ilium, mamillary processes of L1-L5, transverse and articular processes of T1-T4, C4-C7
I: Superiomedially to spinous processes, skipping 2-4 vertebrae
A: Bilateral - extends spine
Unilateral - flexes spine to same side, rotates it to opposite side
N: Spinal Ns

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24
Q

Semispinalis Ms. Action

A

Bilateral: Extends thoracic and cervical spines and head (stabilizes craniovertebral joints)

Unilateral: Bends head, cervical, and thoracic spines to same side, rotates to opposite side

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25
Q

Vertebral Flexion

A

S1 to vertical C7

40-90 deg

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26
Q

Vertebral Extension

A

S1 to vertical C7

20-45 deg

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27
Q

Vertebral Sidebending

A

S1 to vertical C7

15-30 deg

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28
Q

Vertebral rotation

A

Center of head to acromion, ASIS

3-18 deg

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29
Q

What is coupled motion?

A

Consistent association of a motion along or about one axis, with another motion about or along a 2nd axis

The principle motion cannot be produced w/o the associated motion occurring as well

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30
Q

Linkage (i.e. effect on ROM)

A

Relationship of joint mechanics with surrounding structures

ROM - putting multiple joints together allows excess motion

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31
Q

Physiologic barrier

A

Limit of active motion

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32
Q

Anatomic Barrier

A

Limit of motion imposed by anatomic structure

Limit of passive motion

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33
Q

Elastic barrier

A

Range between physiologic and anatomic barrier of motion in which passive ligamentous stretching occurs before tissue disruption

34
Q

Restrictive barrier

A

Functional limit within anatomic range of motion

Abnormally diminishes the normal physiologic range

35
Q

Restrictions of motion in the spine cause ____

A

Reduced efficiency
Impaired flow of fluid
Altered nerve fxn
Structural imbalance

36
Q

Excessive motion (restriction) is in reference to the vertebra ____ in a functional vertebral unit

A

Above

I.e. excess motion of L2 is the motion of L2 on L3

37
Q

Describe Type I mechanics

A 
TONGO
Type One
Neutral
Grouped 
Opposite sides (i.e RrSl or RlSr)
38
Q

Type II mechanics

A 
TTOSS
Type Two
nOt neutral
Single segment (not grouped)
Same direction (RrSr, RlSl)
39
Q

Fryette’s Principles

A

Type 1 mechanics
Type 2 Mechanics
Fryette’s Third Principle

40
Q

Fryette’s 3rd principle

A

Initiating movement of a vertebral segment in any plane of motion will modify the movement of that segment in other planes of motion

If movement is restricted in one direction, motion will be restricted in other directions

If movement is improved in one direction, motion will improve in other directions

41
Q

Rotation: Plane and axis

A

Plane: Transverse/Horizontal
Axis: Superior-inferior

42
Q

Sidebending Plane and Axis

A

Plane: Coronal/Frontal
Axis: Anterior-Posterior

43
Q

Flexion/Extension Plane and axis

A

Plane: Sagittal
Axis: Horizontal (L to R)

44
Q

A PTP on the R will indicate what?

A

R rotation

Same for PTP on the L

45
Q

Spine of the scapula is a landmark for what segment?

A

T3 transverse and spinous processes

46
Q

Inferior angle of the scapula is a landmark for what segment?

A

Spinous process of T7

Transverse process of T8

47
Q

Iliac crest is a landmark for what vertebra?

A

L4 vertebra

48
Q

Scoliosis

A

Lateral curvature of the spine
2% of population
F>M

49
Q

Dextroscoliosis

A

Curvature to the R

50
Q

Levoscoliosis

A

Curvature to the L

51
Q

Physical exam of scoliosis

A

Asymmetry at waist, shoulders
Rib cage prominence (+ forward bending test)
Cobb Angle
Leg length discrepencies

52
Q

Complications of Scoliosis

A 
Respiratory compromise (Cobb Angle >50 deg)
Cardiac compromise (Cobb angle >75)
53
Q

Management of Scoliosis

A

OMT based on Cobb Angle
<25 deg - conservative, monitor with radiographs
25-45 deg - non operative, bracing
>50 deg - Surgical fusion, prevents progression

54
Q

Radiculopathy

A

Pain with dermatomal distribution, impaired neurological fxn (LE weakness, diminished reflexes)

Typically acute, may become chronic

+ Straight leg test

55
Q

Straight Leg Raise Test

A

Raise the leg with knee extended

+ test = pain, pain from 15-30 deg indicates lumbar disc etiology

56
Q

Malingering test

A

Actively raise leg with knee extended

+ test = no activation of contralateral hip extensors

Indicates malingering and lack of effort

57
Q

Spinal Stenosis

A 
Bi LE pain
Neurogenic claudication
Impaired neurologic fxn
Typically chronic
W/u: MRI
\+ SLR
58
Q

Cauda Equina Syndrome

A

Impaired neurologic fxn

  • Saddle anesthesia
  • LE weakness
  • Diminished reflexes
  • Urinary Retention

Emergent, usually traumatic
W/U: MRI

59
Q

Spina Bifida Occulta

A

Failure of the neural tube to close without herniation

60
Q

Meningocele

A

Failure of the neural tube to close with protrusions of the meninges through the defect

61
Q

Myelomeningocele

A

Failure of the neural tube to close with protrusion of the meninges and the spinal cord through the defect

62
Q

Sacralization

A

One or both TPs of L5 are long and articulate with the sacrum (DJD)

63
Q

Lumbarization

A

Failure of S1 to fuse with the rest of the sacrum (Not common)

64
Q

Spina Bifida anatomic variation

A

Defect in the closure of the lamina

65
Q

Spondylosis

A

Vertebral bone spurs

66
Q

Spondylolysis

A

Vertebral transverse process fracture

No vertebral malalignment
Scotty dog with collar on lumbar imaging

67
Q

Spondylolethesis

A

Slipping of one vertebra on another

68
Q

What is the sympathetic viscerosomatic reflex for head and neck?

A

T1-T5

69
Q

What is the sympathetic viscerosomatic reflex for heart?

A

T1-T6

70
Q

What is the sympathetic viscerosomatic reflex for lungs?

A

T1-T7

71
Q

What is the sympathetic viscerosomatic reflex for the adrenal medulla?

A

T5-T10

72
Q

What is the viscerosomatic reflex for Appendix?

A

T12

73
Q

What is the sympathetic viscerosomatic reflex for UE/LE

A

T2-T7

T11-L2

74
Q

What is the sympathetic viscerosomatic reflex for Upper ureter?

A

T10-T11

75
Q

What is the sympathetic viscerosomatic reflex for lower ureter?

A

T12-L2

76
Q

What is the sympathetic viscerosomatic reflex for GU tract (including bladder)?

A

T10-L2

77
Q

What is the sympathetic viscerosomatic reflex for Upper GI?

A

T5-T10

78
Q

What is the viscerosomatic reflex for the prostate?

A

T12-L2

79
Q

What is the viscerosomatic reflex for the small intestines/ascending colon?

A

T9-T11

80
Q

What is the viscerosomatic reflex for the ascending/transverse colon

A

T10-L2

81
Q

What is the viscerosomatic reflex for the descending and sigmoid colon/rectum

A

T12-L2

OS1 Final (12 decks)

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