Thoracic and Abdominal

Question 1

Joints of the thoracic wall

Answer 1

• Sternocostal joint
• Costochondral joint
• Interchondral
• Costovertebral joint
• Costotransverse joint

Question 2

Diaphragm

Answer 2

• superficial - inner border of costal margin, posterior abdominal wall & superior lumbar vertebrae
• deep - central tendon

Action - the central part descends during inspiration

NS - Phrenic nerve C3, C4, C5

Question 3

Intercostals

Answer 3

Attachments

• superior: inferior border of superior rib
• inferior : superior border of inferior rib

Action: majority of fibres elevate during inspiration. maintains the intercostal spaces from collapsing and drawing inwards during inspiration

NS: intercostal nerve - T1 - T11 - corresponding to each nerve

Question 4

Accesorty muscles

Answer 4

Scalenes
Sterncleidomastoid
Pectoralis major/minor
serratus anterior
latissimus dorsi
erector spinae

Question 5

rectus abdominus

Answer 5

Attachments

Superior - xiphoid process and 5-7 costal cartilages

inferior: pubic symphisis and pubic crest

action - trunk flexion, compression of abdominal viscera

function: stablise pelvic tilt

NS - thoraco-abdominal nerve

Question 6

External oblique

Answer 6

Hands in pocket
- lateral: external surfce ribs 5-12
- medial: linea alba, pubic tubercle, lateral inguinal ligament, anterior iliac crest

action - trunk flexion and rotation, compression and support abdominal viscera

NS- thoraco-abdominal nerve

Question 7

Internal oblique

Answer 7

lay superiorly and medailly

• lateral - thoracolumbar fascia, anterior iliac crest, lateral inguinal ligament
• medial - inferior border of ribs 10-12, linea alba, pectun pubis via conjoint tednon

action - trunk flexion and rotation and compress viscera

NS - thoraco-abdomainal nerve and 1st lumbar nerve

Question 8

Transverse Abdominus

Answer 8

• lateral - lateral inguinal ligament, anterior ilaic crest, lower 6 costal cartilages
• medial - linea alba, aponeurosis of internal oblique, pubic crest, pecen pubis via conjoin tendon

action - compressio nand support of abdomainl viscera

NS - thoraco-abdominal nerve and 1st lumbar nerve

Question 9

Linea alba

Answer 9

Linea alba - medial attachment for external/internal oblique
and trasnverse abdominis