Spine - Contractile elements

Question 1

Extrinsic - superficial layers

Answer 1

Trapezius
Rhomboids
Latissimus Dorsi
Levator Scapulae

Question 2

Extrinsic - intermediate layers

Answer 2

Serratus posterior superior
Serratus posterior inferior

Question 3

Intrinisic - superficial layers

Answer 3

Splenius group
- Cervicis
- Capitis

Question 4

Intrinsic - Intermediate layers

Answer 4

Erector spinae group
- spinalis
- longissimus
- illiocostalis

Question 5

Intrinsic - deep layers

Answer 5

Transversospinalis group
- Multifidus - lumbar
- Semispinalis - Cervical
- Rotatores - Thoracic

Question 6

Quadratic Lumborum

Answer 6

Attachments:
Distal (superior): lower border of 12th rib & lumbar transverse processes L1 to L4
Proximal (inferior): transverse process of L5 & posterior iliac crest

Action & Function: lateral flexion of spine & fixator of 12th rib during respiration (what else do you think it could do?)
NS: anterior rami of spinal nerves T12-L3/L4

Question 7

Deep neck muscles

Answer 7

Rectus capitis posterior minor
Rectus capitis posterior major
Obliquus capitis inferior
Obliquus capitis superior