Thoracic Anatomy and Kinesiology Flashcards
which thoracic segment has the most sagittal plane movement?
T12-L1 then T11-T12 and T10-T11
how much thoracic kyphosis is there
40-45 degrees
how do the spinal segments change in extension
increase in lordosis- cervical and lumbar
decrease in kyphosis- thoracic
how do the spinal segments change in flexion
decrease or loss of lordosis- cervical and lumbar
increase in kyphosis- thoracic
which segments of the thoracic spine are mostly rotational segments (act like cervical)
T1-T4
which segments of the thoracic spine are a combination of flexion/extension and rotation (act like true thoracic segments)
T5-T10
which segments of the thoracic spine are mostly flex/ext
T11-T12
which thoracic spinal segments have the most rotation potential overall
T6-T8
flexion degrees of thoracic spine
30-40
extension degrees of thoracic spine
15-20
lateral flexion degrees of thoracic spine
30-45
rotational degrees of the thoracic spine
25-30
what is the orientation of the upper/middle facets
60 degrees from transverse and 20 degrees from frontal
joint movements in flexion
move towards anterior
joint movements in extension
move posterior
joint movements in rotation/SB
the side you are SB/rotating on, that facet will move posterior and the other side will move anterior
what movements are the ZAJs stressed the most with
3D motion
which spinal segments have a narrow canal
T4-T10
where is the critical zone and why
T4-T10 due to small diameter of vertebral canal
where is the tension point
T6
how many true ribs are there
7
what motion do ribs 1-7 have stiffness in? most motion?
flexion/extension stiffness, lots of rotation
what motion do ribs 8-10 have stiffness in? most motion?
rotation stiffness, lots of flexion/extension
how many false ribs
3
how many floating ribs
2
what segment of the ribs is most mobile
ribs 11-12
what ribs are connected to 2 vertebrae
2-8
what ribs move in a pump-handle movement
2-6
what ribs have bucket handle movement
7-10
what rib movement occurs during inspiration
ribs rotate upward and outward, ER
what rib movement occurs during expiration
the rib rotates downward and inward, IR
what ribs are caliper
11-12
what happens to the caliper ribs during inspiration
Separation of ribs from midline
inspiration
intrathoracic volume is increased by contraction of the muscles attached to the ribs and sternum
expiration
intrathoracic volume decreased
what causes the most stress on the discs in the thoracic spine
rotation
schmorl’s node
common spinal disc herniation in which the soft tissue of the intervertebral disc bulges out into the adjacent vertebrae through an endplate defect
primary controls of disc
rotation and extension
minor controls of the disc
flexion and sidebending
what happens when there is a posterior disc lesion
local thoracic pain
Scheuermann’s disease
excess anterior wedging in adolescents
osteoporosis
chronic metabolic in primary postmenopausal women
what happens when we have excessive kyphosis
leads to excessive anterior shear forces
increased thoracic flexion
extensor muscles elongated
thoracic outlet syndrome
a controversial cause of neck and shoulder pain due to complex mechanisms involving muscular dysfunction and nerve compression
anterior triangle borders
SCM
anterior scalene
first rib
anterior triangle contains
subclavian vein
lymph vessels
phrenic nerve
posterior triangle borders
anterior and middle scalenes
first rib
posterior triangle contains
subclavian artery
brachial plexus
congenital causes of thoracic outlet syndrome
cervical rib, fibrous bands, muscle abnormalities, elongated transverse process
acquired causes of thoracic outlet syndrome
whiplash
clavicle fracture
ligamentous laxity
overhead work
posture
What ribs are classified as the typical ribs?
Ribs 3-9
Which ribs only connect to 1 vertebrae?
Ribs 1, 9-12
