Thoracic Anatomy and Kinesiology

Question 1

which thoracic segment has the most sagittal plane movement?

Answer 1

T12-L1 then T11-T12 and T10-T11

Question 2

how much thoracic kyphosis is there

Answer 2

40-45 degrees

Question 3

how do the spinal segments change in extension

Answer 3

increase in lordosis- cervical and lumbar
decrease in kyphosis- thoracic

Question 4

how do the spinal segments change in flexion

Answer 4

decrease or loss of lordosis- cervical and lumbar
increase in kyphosis- thoracic

Question 5

which segments of the thoracic spine are mostly rotational segments (act like cervical)

Answer 5

T1-T4

Question 6

which segments of the thoracic spine are a combination of flexion/extension and rotation (act like true thoracic segments)

Answer 6

T5-T10

Question 7

which segments of the thoracic spine are mostly flex/ext

Answer 7

T11-T12

Question 8

which thoracic spinal segments have the most rotation potential overall

Answer 8

T6-T8

Question 9

flexion degrees of thoracic spine

Answer 9

30-40

Question 10

extension degrees of thoracic spine

Answer 10

15-20

Question 11

lateral flexion degrees of thoracic spine

Answer 11

30-45

Question 12

rotational degrees of the thoracic spine

Answer 12

25-30

Question 13

what is the orientation of the upper/middle facets

Answer 13

60 degrees from transverse and 20 degrees from frontal

Question 14

joint movements in flexion

Answer 14

move towards anterior

Question 15

joint movements in extension

Answer 15

move posterior

Question 16

joint movements in rotation/SB

Answer 16

the side you are SB/rotating on, that facet will move posterior and the other side will move anterior

Question 17

what movements are the ZAJs stressed the most with

Answer 17

3D motion

Question 18

which spinal segments have a narrow canal

Answer 18

T4-T10

Question 19

where is the critical zone and why

Answer 19

T4-T10 due to small diameter of vertebral canal

Question 20

where is the tension point

Answer 20

T6

Question 21

how many true ribs are there

Answer 21

7

Question 22

what motion do ribs 1-7 have stiffness in? most motion?

Answer 22

flexion/extension stiffness, lots of rotation

Question 23

what motion do ribs 8-10 have stiffness in? most motion?

Answer 23

rotation stiffness, lots of flexion/extension

Question 24

how many false ribs

Answer 24

3

Question 25

how many floating ribs

Answer 25

2

Question 26

what segment of the ribs is most mobile

Answer 26

ribs 11-12

Question 27

what ribs are connected to 2 vertebrae

Answer 27

2-8

Question 28

what ribs move in a pump-handle movement

Answer 28

2-6

Question 29

what ribs have bucket handle movement

Answer 29

7-10

Question 30

what rib movement occurs during inspiration

Answer 30

ribs rotate upward and outward, ER

Question 31

what rib movement occurs during expiration

Answer 31

the rib rotates downward and inward, IR

Question 32

what ribs are caliper

Answer 32

11-12

Question 33

what happens to the caliper ribs during inspiration

Answer 33

Separation of ribs from midline

Question 34

inspiration

Answer 34

intrathoracic volume is increased by contraction of the muscles attached to the ribs and sternum

Question 35

expiration

Answer 35

intrathoracic volume decreased

Question 36

what causes the most stress on the discs in the thoracic spine

Answer 36

rotation

Question 37

schmorl's node

Answer 37

common spinal disc herniation in which the soft tissue of the intervertebral disc bulges out into the adjacent vertebrae through an endplate defect

Question 38

primary controls of disc

Answer 38

rotation and extension

Question 39

minor controls of the disc

Answer 39

flexion and sidebending

Question 40

what happens when there is a posterior disc lesion

Answer 40

local thoracic pain

Question 41

Scheuermann's disease

Answer 41

excess anterior wedging in adolescents

Question 42

osteoporosis

Answer 42

chronic metabolic in primary postmenopausal women

Question 43

what happens when we have excessive kyphosis

Answer 43

leads to excessive anterior shear forces increased thoracic flexion extensor muscles elongated

Question 44

thoracic outlet syndrome

Answer 44

a controversial cause of neck and shoulder pain due to complex mechanisms involving muscular dysfunction and nerve compression

Question 45

anterior triangle borders

Answer 45

SCM anterior scalene first rib

Question 46

anterior triangle contains

Answer 46

subclavian vein lymph vessels phrenic nerve

Question 47

posterior triangle borders

Answer 47

anterior and middle scalenes first rib

Question 48

posterior triangle contains

Answer 48

subclavian artery brachial plexus

Question 49

congenital causes of thoracic outlet syndrome

Answer 49

cervical rib, fibrous bands, muscle abnormalities, elongated transverse process

Question 50

acquired causes of thoracic outlet syndrome

Answer 50

whiplash clavicle fracture ligamentous laxity overhead work posture

Question 51

What ribs are classified as the typical ribs?

Answer 51

Ribs 3-9

Question 52

Which ribs only connect to 1 vertebrae?

Answer 52

Ribs 1, 9-12