Gait intro

Question 1

5 main tasks for walking

Answer 1

1. maintenance of support of the head/arms/trunk: preventing collapse of lower limbs
2. maintenance of upright posture and balance
3. control of the foot trajectory to achieve safe ground clearance and gentle toe and heel landing
4. generation of mechanical energy to maintain the present forward velocity or to increase forward velocity
5. absorption of mechanical energy for shock absorption and stability or to decrease the forward velocity of the body

Question 2

when do children begin walking?

Answer 2

11-15 months

Question 3

when does a refined gait pattern appear

Answer 3

4-5 years of age

Question 4

gait cycle (stride)

Answer 4

heel contact/strike to heel contact/strike of the same foot
1 sec and covers 1.44 m

Question 5

step

Answer 5

sequence of events between successive heel strikes of opposite feet

Question 6

stride length definition and length

Answer 6

distance between successive heel contacts of the same foot
144 cm

Question 7

step length def. and length

Answer 7

distance between successive heel contacts of opposite feet
72 cm

Question 8

step width def. and length

Answer 8

lateral distance between 2 consecutive foot contacts
8-10 cm

Question 9

foot angle

Answer 9

refers to the amount of toe-out, angle between the line of progression of the body and the long axis of the foot
5-7 degrees

Question 10

cadence/step length

Answer 10

number of steps per minute
1.87 steps/sec or 110 steps/min

Question 11

stride time

Answer 11

time for a full gait cycle to occur

Question 12

step time

Answer 12

time for completion of a right or left step

Question 13

walking speed

Answer 13

spatial or temporal
average 1.37 m/sec

Question 14

how much walking is needed for ADLs

Answer 14

1000 ft in less than 11.5 minutes=1 mph
3mph for 42-85 ft to cross street safely

Question 15

stance percentage of gait cycle

Answer 15

60%

Question 16

swing percentage of gait cycle

Answer 16

40%

Question 17

RLA start of mid stance

Answer 17

12%

Question 18

RLA start of terminal stance

Answer 18

31%

Question 19

RLA start of pre swing

Answer 19

50%

Question 20

RLA start of initial swing

Answer 20

62%

Question 21

RLA start of mid swing

Answer 21

75%

Question 22

RLA start of terminal swing

Answer 22

87%

Question 23

terminal: foot flat

Answer 23

8%

Question 24

terminal: mid stance

Answer 24

30%

Question 25

terminal: heel off

Answer 25

40%

Question 26

terminal: toe off

Answer 26

60%

Question 27

RLA stance phases

Answer 27

initial contact
loading response
mid stance
terminal stance
pre swing

Question 28

RLA swing phases

Answer 28

initial swing
mid swing
terminal swing

Question 29

traditional stance phases

Answer 29

heel strike
foot flat
mid stance
heel off
toe off

Question 30

traditional swing phases

Answer 30

acceleration
mid-swing
deceleration