Thoracic A&P Flashcards
T/F: the thickness ratio of thoracic IVDs created kyphosis
F!!
what causes kyphosis in the T spine?
vertebral body posterior wedging
which levels having a typical articulation with ribs?
T2-T9
ribs articulate w/ costal facets above & below and w/ disc
which levels having atypical articulation with ribs?
T1, T10-T12
ribs articulate with respective vertebra
how are TPs oriented in T spine?
at same level of corresponding body
how are z joints oriented in upper t spine?
45-60 deg from horizontal
how are z joints oriented in mid t spine?
90 deg from horizontal
how are z joints oriented in lower t spine?
inclined towards sagittal plane
explain the rule of 3s for t spine
T1-3: at same levels
T4-6: 1/2 level down
T7-9: 1 level down
T10: 1 level down
T11: 1/2 level down
T12: same level
what is the disc to vertebral body ratio in t spine?
1:5
discs smaller and thinner than C & L
where is the spinal canal the most narrow?
T4-T9
which spinal ligament is thicker?
ALL
what are the true ribs?
1-7
attach directly to sternum
what are the false ribs?
8-10
attach to costocartilage
what are the floating ribs?
11-12
unattached anteriorly
which vertebral body will most commonly have a cervical rib?
C7
(~80% report TOS)
which ribs articulate with a single vertebral body?
ribs 1, 10, 11, 12
how do ribs 2-9 articulate with the t spine?
w/ 2 adjacent vertebral bodies and intervening disc
what makes up the costotransverse joint?
TP and rib tubercle
which costo-sternal joints are synchondrosis joints?
T1, T6, T7
(little movement)
which costo-sternal joints are synovial joints?
T2-T5
which segments are the most at risk for disrupted blood supply to the SC bc it is poorly vascularized?
T4-T9
T/F: all spinal nerve in the thoracic regions have a sympathetic component
T
which spinal levels provide sympathetic innervation to the head?
T1-2
which spinal levels provide sympathetic innervation to the UEs?
T3-7
which spinal levels provide sympathetic innervation to the trunk/thorax?
T1-12
which spinal levels provide sympathetic innervation to the LEs?
T7-12
how are SB and rotation coupled in T spine?
ipisilateral
where does pure axial rotation occur?
CT junction
TL junction
how should upper ribs (T1-6) move?
pump handle
how should lower ribs (T7-10) move?
bucket handle
describe the movement of the diaphragm during inhalation
contracts and descends
describe the movement of the diaphragm during exhalation
relaxes and ascends
