C Spine A&P Flashcards
orientation of C spine
start horizontal then moves towards 45 deg in lower segments
what is the largest avascular structure of the body?
IVD
cervical IVDs are thicker ____ and create ___
anterior
lordosis
local ____ and global ____ = function
mobility
stability
____ ligaments attach on anterior surface of foreman magnum
alar
what ligament attaches at C1?
transverse
is there more flex or ext at C1? why?
extension bc no SP
what is the only vertebral level where convex condyles move on concave facets?
OA joint
which level has odontoid process?
C2
_____ ligament passes along the posterior aspect of the dens
transverse
main function of AA joint
rotation
what are the 3 main contributors to cervicogenic HA?
OA, AA, and C2 spinal nerve
which nerve is easily compressed b/w C1 and C2 during spinal EXTENSION?
posterior/dorsal ramus of C2
what are the only 2 articulations in the spine that permit pure axial rotation?
AA joint (C1-2)
TL junction (T12-L1)
T/F: there is an IVD at OA joint
F
how are the SPs oriented in C spine?
bifid SPs at same level of TPs
z joint orientation in c spine
45 deg from frontal plane
unique joint in lower c spine
uncinate processes
purpose of uncinate processes
limit SB
stabilize IVDs
how are IVD named?
according to vertebra above
ex: C4 disc b/w C4/C5
AF is thin and weak where
posteriorly
which levels refer to head and neck?
C1-C3
which levels refer to shoulder, anterior chest, UE, and scapula?
C4-C8
where is the vertebral artery most vulnerable?
C1-C2
where does common carotid biforcate?
mid to upper C spine
how is motions coupled in lower C spine?
ipsilateral (SB & rotation)
T/F: rotation is ALWAYS coupled with SB in C spine
T
where is pain with opening vs closing restriction?
open - opposite
close - same side
what must be asked in subjective with C spine?
trauma
neuro - parasthesias, dizziness, visual disturbances, tinnitus, loss of consciousness
what sx cue to UMN involvement?
B sx
LOB
clumsiness
Canadian C spine rules
- high risk (yes = x-ray):
a. age >64
b. dangerous mechanism
c. parasthesias in extremities - low risk (no = x-ray):
a. walk at scene
b. sit up in ER
c. absence of midline tenderness
d. simple rear-end MVC
e. delayed onset of neck pain - able to actively rotate neck 45 deg to each side regardless of pain (no = x-ray)
which joints/movements are hyper vs hypo mobile with forward head?
hypo - OA flex & AA rotation
hyper - OA ext
pain inside and around the scapular refers from which levels?
C4-C5
do neuro sx correlate with disc or vertebral level with disc degeneration?
disc
where is the most common site for cervical radiculopathy?
C7
C4 cervical radiculopathy referred pain
posterior neck
medial scapular border
C5 cervical radiculopathy referred pain
numbness on superior aspects of shoulders
C6 cervical radiculopathy referred pain
neck to lateral aspect of upper arm, forearm, and hand
C7 cervical radiculopathy referred pain
posterior neck to scapula, posterior upper arm, forearm, and hand
C8 cervical radiculopathy referred pain
neck to medial aspect of upper arm, forearm, and hand
CPR for t spine HVLAT indicated for cervical facet joint dysfunction
symptoms <30 days
no sx distal to shoulder
looking up does not aggravate
FABQ PA score <12
diminished upper t spine kyphosis
cervical extension ROM <30 deg
3+ + test - 86%
what is the hallmark of instability?
unpredictable symptoms
type of HA?
band around forehead
tension
type of HA?
pain on entire half of face
migraine
type of HA?
pain around orbit
cluster
type of HA?
pain in ram horn pattern
cervicogenic
