C Spine A&P

Question 1

orientation of C spine

Answer 1

start horizontal then moves towards 45 deg in lower segments

Question 2

what is the largest avascular structure of the body?

Answer 2

IVD

Question 3

cervical IVDs are thicker ____ and create ___

Answer 3

anterior
lordosis

Question 4

local ____ and global ____ = function

Answer 4

mobility
stability

Question 5

____ ligaments attach on anterior surface of foreman magnum

Answer 5

alar

Question 6

what ligament attaches at C1?

Answer 6

transverse

Question 7

is there more flex or ext at C1? why?

Answer 7

extension bc no SP

Question 8

what is the only vertebral level where convex condyles move on concave facets?

Answer 8

OA joint

Question 9

which level has odontoid process?

Answer 9

C2

Question 10

_____ ligament passes along the posterior aspect of the dens

Answer 10

transverse

Question 11

main function of AA joint

Answer 11

rotation

Question 12

what are the 3 main contributors to cervicogenic HA?

Answer 12

OA, AA, and C2 spinal nerve

Question 13

which nerve is easily compressed b/w C1 and C2 during spinal EXTENSION?

Answer 13

posterior/dorsal ramus of C2

Question 14

what are the only 2 articulations in the spine that permit pure axial rotation?

Answer 14

AA joint (C1-2)
TL junction (T12-L1)

Question 15

T/F: there is an IVD at OA joint

Answer 15

F

Question 16

how are the SPs oriented in C spine?

Answer 16

bifid SPs at same level of TPs

Question 17

z joint orientation in c spine

Answer 17

45 deg from frontal plane

Question 18

unique joint in lower c spine

Answer 18

uncinate processes

Question 19

purpose of uncinate processes

Answer 19

limit SB
stabilize IVDs

Question 20

how are IVD named?

Answer 20

according to vertebra above
ex: C4 disc b/w C4/C5

Question 21

AF is thin and weak where

Answer 21

posteriorly

Question 22

which levels refer to head and neck?

Answer 22

C1-C3

Question 23

which levels refer to shoulder, anterior chest, UE, and scapula?

Answer 23

C4-C8

Question 24

where is the vertebral artery most vulnerable?

Answer 24

C1-C2

Question 25

where does common carotid biforcate?

Answer 25

mid to upper C spine

Question 26

how is motions coupled in lower C spine?

Answer 26

ipsilateral (SB & rotation)

Question 27

T/F: rotation is ALWAYS coupled with SB in C spine

Answer 27

T

Question 28

where is pain with opening vs closing restriction?

Answer 28

open - opposite close - same side

Question 29

what must be asked in subjective with C spine?

Answer 29

trauma neuro - parasthesias, dizziness, visual disturbances, tinnitus, loss of consciousness

Question 30

what sx cue to UMN involvement?

Answer 30

B sx LOB clumsiness

Question 31

Canadian C spine rules

Answer 31

1. high risk (yes = x-ray): a. age >64 b. dangerous mechanism c. parasthesias in extremities 2. low risk (no = x-ray): a. walk at scene b. sit up in ER c. absence of midline tenderness d. simple rear-end MVC e. delayed onset of neck pain 3. able to actively rotate neck 45 deg to each side regardless of pain (no = x-ray)

Question 32

which joints/movements are hyper vs hypo mobile with forward head?

Answer 32

hypo - OA flex & AA rotation hyper - OA ext

Question 33

pain inside and around the scapular refers from which levels?

Answer 33

C4-C5

Question 34

do neuro sx correlate with disc or vertebral level with disc degeneration?

Answer 34

disc

Question 35

where is the most common site for cervical radiculopathy?

Answer 35

C7

Question 36

C4 cervical radiculopathy referred pain

Answer 36

posterior neck medial scapular border

Question 37

C5 cervical radiculopathy referred pain

Answer 37

numbness on superior aspects of shoulders

Question 38

C6 cervical radiculopathy referred pain

Answer 38

neck to lateral aspect of upper arm, forearm, and hand

Question 39

C7 cervical radiculopathy referred pain

Answer 39

posterior neck to scapula, posterior upper arm, forearm, and hand

Question 40

C8 cervical radiculopathy referred pain

Answer 40

neck to medial aspect of upper arm, forearm, and hand

Question 41

CPR for t spine HVLAT indicated for cervical facet joint dysfunction

Answer 41

symptoms <30 days no sx distal to shoulder looking up does not aggravate FABQ PA score <12 diminished upper t spine kyphosis cervical extension ROM <30 deg 3+ + test - 86%

Question 42

what is the hallmark of instability?

Answer 42

unpredictable symptoms

Question 43

type of HA? band around forehead

Answer 43

tension

Question 44

type of HA? pain on entire half of face

Answer 44

migraine

Question 45

type of HA? pain around orbit

Answer 45

cluster

Question 46

type of HA? pain in ram horn pattern

Answer 46

cervicogenic