thoracic

Question 1

define the mediastinum

Answer 1

the space between the lungs. contains the heart, great vessels, esophagus, trachea and the nerves
separates the right from the left pleural cavity

Question 2

what are the great vessels

Answer 2

aorta
pulmonary trunk
inferior and superior vena cava

Question 3

start and end of thorax

Answer 3

1st rib to 12th thoracic vertebra
diaphragm forms the lower boundary

Question 4

how many parts in the sternum

Answer 4

3

Question 5

name the parts of the sternum

Answer 5

1. manubrium
2. body
3. xiphoid

Question 6

name the costals

Answer 6

1. external
2. internal
3. innermost

Question 7

which costal is responsible for inhalation

Answer 7

external costal raise the ribs and open the chest

Question 8

external costal action

Answer 8

raise the ribs
open the chest
responsible for forced and passive inhalation

Question 9

role of internal costal

Answer 9

depress the ribs
close the chest cavity
forced exhalation

Question 10

innermost costal

Answer 10

contract along with the internal intercostal and help with exhalation

Question 11

number of pleura

Answer 11

2

Question 12

double layered membranes

Answer 12

pleaurae

Question 13

parietal pleura

Answer 13

outer pleura
lines the inside of the rib cage and disphragm

Question 14

visceral pleura

Answer 14

covers the lungs

Question 15

space between the 2 pleural membranes

Answer 15

pleural space

Question 16

pleural space

Answer 16

space between the 2 pleural membranes

Question 17

lobes of the right lung

Answer 17

1. superior
2. middle
3. inferior

Question 18

lobes of the left lung

Answer 18

1. superior
2. inferior

Question 19

fissure of the right lung

Answer 19

horizontal (superior and middle)
oblique (middle inferior)

Question 20

fissure of left lung

Answer 20

oblique

Question 21

most common type of lung cancer

Answer 21

non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)

Question 22

3 most common forms of (NSCLC)

Answer 22

1. adenocarcinoma
2. squamous cell carcinoma
3. large cell carcinoma

Question 23

symptoms of lung cancer

Answer 23

cough (often with blood)
chest pain
wheezing
weight loss

Question 24

tumor size in stage 1 lung cancer

Answer 24

< 5cm
confined to one lung
may extend through the pleura

Question 25

stage II lung cancer

Answer 25

tumors may be >5cm
multiple tumors
spread to lymph nodes where the primary bronchus enters the lung

Question 26

stage III lung cancer

Answer 26

tumor > 5 cm
tumors may be present on additional lymph nodes, pericardium and diaphragm

Question 27

stage IV lung cancer

Answer 27

tumors have metastasized (spread) to distant sites through the body
tumors may be present on the liver, bones or brain

Question 28

how common is lung cancer

Answer 28

most common cancer in men
3rd most common cancer in women

Question 29

emphysema

Answer 29

condition affecting alveoli
alveolar walls are broken down causing alveolar air spaces to become permanently and abnormally enlarged fewer alveolar walls leads to less surface area for gas exchange limiting airflow (think open concept house vs. closed less room to hang pictures)

Question 30

symptoms of emphysema

Answer 30

shortness of breath
fatigue
wheezing
coughing