thomas - part 1 Flashcards
how much of european population died in black death
30-60%
what did they think caused the black death
evil vapours - miasmata
bad air - mal aria around swamps
what causes the black death
bacteria yersnia pestis
who invented disease seeds
girolamo fracastoro
what was disease seeds the first step of
germ theory
what did antoni van leeuwenhoek find
animalcules
microorganisms
who thought airborn dust carried germs of yeast and microorganisms
louis pasteur
what was pasteurs central theory
the transformation of organic matter is effected by specific microorganisms with specific requirements for nutrients and temperature
what treatment is given to wine
55 degrees briefly then rapid cooling
time and temp for pasteurisation
72 degrees
15 seconds
what did koch find
bacillus anthracis causes anthrax
microorganisms responsible for tuberculosis and cholera
kochs postulates
what are kochs postulates
microorganisms found in abundance in organisms suffereing from a disease, not in healthy
microorganism isolated
then shown to cause disease alone
reisolated and shown to be the same
what did koch invent
crystal violet to visualise bacterial cells
human cells not stained
different types of bacteria koch found
gram positive and negative
average cell length and volume of bacteria
1 micrometer
1-2 micrometres squared
are bacteria pro or eukaryotic
prokaryotic
what are gram positive bacteria cell walls made of
peptidoglycan and teichoic acids
what is peptidoglycan made of
carbohydrates and amino acids
what is the cell wall of a gram negative bacteria made from
peptidoglycan
phospholipids
lipopolysaccharides
best early antiseptic
camphor
difference between antiseptic and disinfectants and antibiotic
antiseptic kill bacteria on surface of skin
disinfectants kill bacteria on non living objects
antibiotics kill bacteria within the body
what antiseptics were used end of 19th century
chlorine releasing agents like chloramine T
antiseptic by lister
phenol
issue with phenol
blistering
