Third year history

Question 1

Background to the First World War

Answer 1

● 1914 to 1918
● Allies vs Central
● West and East fronts
● League of Nations established after

Question 2

Treaty of Versailles

Answer 2

● D​emilitarization
● T​erritory
● U​nion
● A​rmy
● G​uilt clause
● R​eparations

Question 3

League of Nations

Answer 3

The leaders of the countries that participated in WW1 set up the League of Nations at Versailles
● It was established to prevent another war from happening
● Most countries joined to stop powerful, big countries attacking the weaker, smaller
countries

Question 4

Why the League of Nations was a failure

Answer 4

Decisions were made unanimously
● Germany was not invited to join until all reparations had been paid
● America did not join
● Russia was not invited because of its communist status
● The absences in powerful countries led to its failure

Question 5

Hitler and nazi Germany background

Answer 5

Born in Austria 1889
● Vienna Academy of Fine Arts
● Soldier in WW1
● Aims
➢ Union with Austria (Anschluss)
➢ Abolish the Treaty of Versailles
➢ Lebensraum - increase territory and ‘living space’ ➢ Communists and Jews should be destroyed
● Believed that Germans were ‘Aryan’ people and more superior than others
● Joined the Nationalist Socialist German Workers’ Party (Nazi) in 1919 and soon became
leader
● He wrote “Mein Kampf” - my struggle

Question 6

Hitlers rise to power

Answer 6

Fall of the Weimar Republic - members were blamed for accepting the Treaty of Versailles and the harsh treatments
● Depression - inflation and unemployment rose
● Nazi - Hitler became the leader and soon Nazis became very popular
● Propaganda and censorship - smart use of propaganda and censorship
● Fear of communism
● Police - SA and SS were set up

Question 7

Education within fascist Germany

Answer 7

Textbook content was altered to portray the superior Fascist Germany
● Yungsvolk was established - a youth organisation for boys
● League of German Maidens was a youth organisation for girls
● Use of domestic policy in education indoctrinated children from a young age
● Posters of Hitler and Fascism in the classroom

Question 8

What was the economy like in fascist Germany?

Answer 8

● Set up public working schemes
● Autobahns
● Set up Volkswagen
● Ignored the Treaty and expanded the army which provided jobs for people
● Established factories and produced Panzers and Luftwaffe
● Brought in an allowance for women for staying at home, bringing up ‘patriotic’ children

Question 9

Propaganda In fascist Germany

Answer 9

Josephs Goebbels was appointed Minister for National Enlightenment and Propaganda
● Anything misleading to the public or weakens the strength of the German Reich was kept
out
● Hitler glorified as the Fuhrer
● Great rallies in Nuremberg and torchlight parades
● Olympic Games in Berlin 1936 spread Fascism to other countries

Question 10

Hitlers foreign policy

Answer 10

● Remilitarised Rhineland 1936
➢ Hitler’s troops remilitarized the Rhineland, breaking the Treaty of Versailles ➢ France and Britain did not take any action
➢ Hitler’s ambitions were encouraged when no countries responded
● Munich Conference and Sudetenland 1939
➢ Hitler demanded that he should control the German speaking part of
Czechoslovakia, the Sudetenland
➢ Britain, France and Germany had a conference in Munich to decide the outcome
➢ Hitler gained control of the Sudetenland
● Nazi Soviet Pact 1939
➢ Hitler and Stalin made an agreement that they would invade Poland and divide
Poland between them. There would also be a 10 year peace contract (they wouldn’t invade one another for at least 10 years)

Question 11

Reactions to Hitlers foreign policy

Answer 11

Britain appeased and gave into Hitler’s actions
● France agreed with Britain’s appeasement but they were more cautious and built the
Maginot Line
● USA isolated themselves from any involvement with Hitler

Question 12

The Holocaust

Answer 12

● Nuremberg laws - Jews weren’t allowed to marry non-Jews, had to wear Star of David and Jews were driven from civil service
1937
● Kristallnacht - The Night of the Broken Glass November 9th
● SS and Hitler Youth (Yungsvolk) killed 90 Jews
1939
● 360,000 Jews left Germany
● Remainder left in ghettos (poor
facilities)
1942-43
● The Holocaust (mass murder of 6 million Jews)
● The Final Solution (Hitler’s plan to rid Germany and territories of Jews)
● Jews were forced to go to concentration camps such as Treblinka, Auschwitz-Birkenhau and Sobibor

Question 13

Poland during the second World War

Answer 13

On the 1st of September 1939, Hitler invaded Poland
● Hitler used blitzkrieg tactics
➢ Three prong attack
➢ Firstly, the Luftwaffe would bomb the land from the sky
➢ Panzers (the tanks) destroyed buildings and people on the land ➢ The infantry (soldiers) were brought in for further destruction
● Poland was conquered within 6 weeks

Question 14

What was the phone y war during world war 2?

Answer 14

Lasted from October in 1939 to March 1940
● No physical fighting occurred
● Only some war at sea

Question 15

When and how did Hitler invade Denmark and Norway

Answer 15

Hitler invaded Denmark and Norway within 2 weeks in April of 1940
● Used his blitzkrieg tactics again

Question 16

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Answer 16

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Question 17

What was operation dynamo?

Answer 17

The British had sent troops in order to help France
● Refers to the mass evacuation of 300,000 Allied troops
● Lasted from 27th May 1940 to June 4th 1940
● British and French troops evacuated from Dunkirk beach
● Most of their military weapons were abandoned
● As a result, Vichy France was established (where the Germans ruled France from)
● France surrendered on the 22nd June 1940
● France was fully under German control

Question 18

What was operation sea Lion?

Answer 18

Refers to Hitler’s plan to invade Britain
● Germany and Britain were the two countries involved in Operation Sea Lion
● As a result, the Battle of Britain took place

Question 19

What was the Battle Of Britain

Answer 19

Refers to the British attempt to prevent Germany from handing Britain in their plan called Operation Sea Lion
● Took place from August to September 1940
● For 6 weeks, the Germans attempted to control the British skies
● The Luftwaffe and their Stukas, Heinkels and Messerschmitts fought against the RAF’s
Spitfires and Hurricanes
● The Battle of Britain ended in mid September with Hitler defeated in his failure to invade
Britain

Question 20

What was the Blitz?

Answer 20

● Over 50,000 high explosive incendiary bombs were dropped
● Flares were dropped from German planes to aid them to see in the middle of the night
● Gas masks were worn by British citizens
● People headed to air raid shelters during the night
● Anderson huts were for people living in the suburbs
● Morrison shelters were placed within the city centre
● The tube (the underground) was also used as a place for shelter
● People waited for the all clear siren before going back home

Question 21

What was operation Barbarossa?

Answer 21

Refers to Hitler’s plan to invade Russia
● Lasted from 22nd June 1941 to winter of 1941
● 3 million soldiers and 10,000 German tanks were sent to Russia
● Hitler wanted to invade Russia to increase living space (lebensraum)
● The Red Army (Russia) led a scorched earth policy
● The Nazis bombed major cities such as Leningrad, Moscow and Kiev
● Operation Barbarossa concluded due to bad weather

Question 22

What was the battle of Stalingrad?

Answer 22

Refers to the most important battle in Operation Barbarossa
● September 1942 to February 1943
● Took place in the form of street fighting
● Stalin didn’t want to lose the city of Stalingrad and soldiers had been stranded there
● Stalin wanted to fight the Great Patriotic War
● The Red Army was led by Marshal Zhukov - reinforcements and supplies ferried across the River Volga
● Nazi was led by Van Paul - Hitler supplied his army by airdropping supplies but his army suffered because it was winter
● The Germans were defeated and this was a major turning point in the war
● About 20 million people died

Question 23

America joins WW2 (helps allies)

Answer 23

Helped allies (food, bullets, weapons, equipment and supplies)
● Collection of supplies
● America weren’t fighting in the war at this stage
● A system where Americans helped Allies at a really low rate (lend-lease)

Question 24

What did the Japanese do during ww2?

Answer 24

Japan wanted to capture colonies in East Asia and the Pacific (US, France and Britain controlled these colonies)
● Bombed Pearl Harbour on 12th December 1941
● America had no decision but to join the war
● Japan wanted to increase territory
● Americans had troops and a base at Pearl Harbour
● Americans defeated the Japanese at the Battle of Midway Island

Question 25

The war in the air (WW2)

Answer 25

The Americans and British organised bombing raids on Germany
● German cities such as Hamburg, Berlin and Dresden were bombed as well as industrial
centres of the Ruhr
● American Flying Fortresses and British Lancaster were used to bomb German cities in
February 1945
● Germany tried to counter attack by using V1 flying bombs and V2 rockets

Question 26

What was the impact of Nazi occupied Europe?

Answer 26

Control 1942
➢ Most of the mainland Europe was occupied by Nazis, making Allies attacks
difficult
● Labour 1944
➢ 7.5 million foreign workers worked to keep the German economy going
➢ Many treated cruelly
● Holocaust 1945
➢ Extermination of 6 million Jews ● Lidice
➢ Reinhard Heydrich was assassinated and the population was executed ● Resistance
➢ Sabotaging

Question 27

What was operation overlord (D-day)?

Answer 27

● 5 beaches (Omaha, Juno, Sword, Pluto and Utah) were taken over by the Allies
● Mulberry Piers - artificial harbours built to allow which allowed ships to unload
● Funnies - amphibious vehicles (vehicles that could go on land and on water)
● Pluto Pipes - supplied oil to machinery
● On the 6th of June 1944 at 4:30am the D-Day Landings begun
● Bombs were dropped as well as paratroopers
● Warships transported soldiers
● Germans retreated and were beaten

Question 28

When and where did America drop atomic bombs?

Answer 28

On 6th August 1945, an atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima
● Approx. 70,000 people died
● Impact of birth defects and cancer still occur today
● Three days later, another bomb dropped in Nagasaki
● Around 20,000 died in Nagasaki
● The plane Enola Bay dropped the atomic bombs
● Little Bay was the name of the bomb (Hiroshima)
● It was 2000 times stronger than any other bombs
● Fat Man was the name of the second bomb (Nagasaki)
● On the 14th August, Japan surrendered

Question 29

What were the reasons for the Allied Victory?

Answer 29

Population and armies
➢ France, Britain, America, Canada and Russia = Allies ➢ Germany and Italy = Axis
● American help
➢ Helped Allies greatly with food, money and supplies
● Victory in Wars
➢ Battle of Britain
➢ Battle of El Alamein ➢ Battle of Stalingrad ➢ Operation Overlord

Question 30

What were the consequences of world war 2?

Answer 30

Formation of the UN
● Bitterness between countries
● Death - more than 55 million people died
● Destruction of buildings, industries and roads
● Germany divided into East Germany and West Germany
● Fascist regimes were overthrown in Germany and Italy
● Lead to the Cold War (period of tension and hostility between USA and USSR that could
have potentially led to a fatal war)
● Destruction of buildings, homes and of land
● Decline in the Jewish population
● Nuremberg Trials were held after WW2 to try and punish members of the Nazi Party

Question 31

Background of the home rule crisis

Answer 31

The Liberal Party needed the Home Rule’s support after the general election held in 1910
● John Redmond (leader of the Home Rule party) made a deal that he would only support the Liberal Party if they introduced a Home Rule Bill in the parliament
● The Liberals agreed and in the House of Common in 1912, the Home Rule Bill was passed

Question 32

What was the parliament act of 1911

Answer 32

● This stated that the House of Lords could only delay the Home Rule Bill for 2 years
● In 1912, the House of Lords rejected the first Home Rule Bill
● The majority of Ireland was delighted because it looked as if Ireland would get its own
parliament by the year 1914

Question 33

How and why did the unionists oppose home rule?

Answer 33

Why
● Unionists wanted to maintain the union between Ireland and Britain
● Home Rule had the possibility of ruining the Union
● ‘Home Rule would be Rome Rule’ - fear of being discriminated against by the Catholics
● Fear of damaging the prosperity in Ulster
How
● Demonstrations
➢ James Carson and Edward Craig organised demonstrations to protest against
the Home Rule Bill
● Solemn League and Covenant 28th September 1912
➢ A petition signed by around one million people on the 28th September 1912 ➢ If signed, you promised to oppose Home Rule by force if necessary
● UVF January 1913
➢ Ulster Volunteer Force
➢ This was a military group organised to fight Home Rule ➢ Around 100,000 people joined this army

Question 34

Nationalists response to the unionists response to the home rule crisis

Answer 34

IVF
➢ Irish Volunteer Force
➢ Eoin Mac Neill was their leader
➢ Defend Home Rule by using force
➢ The IVF was secretly controlled by the IRB and this was unknown the Mac Neill ➢ The IRB wanted the use the IVF with them in war against Britain
● Howth
➢ The IVF smuggled guns into Howth ➢ Brought to Howth on the ‘Asgard’ ship ➢ British attempted to stop but failed

Question 35

Home rule postponed

Answer 35

World War 1 broke out
● The Unionists were glad and showed their loyalty to Britain by joining the British army
● The Nationalists split
Plans
➢ Nationalist Volunteers: 110,000 followed John Redmond and supported Irish men fighting abroad
➢ Irish Volunteers: 10,000 followed Eoin Mac Neill and opposed Irish men fighting abroad

Question 36

What were the plans for the 1916 rising?

Answer 36

The IRB’s slogan was “England’s difficulty is Ireland’s opportunity”
● When England was fighting in WW2, the IRB saw this as an opportunity to rebel
● The IRB set up the Military Council to organise the rising
● James Connolly and his Irish Citizen Army provided the IRB with people to fight
● The IRB attempted to get the Irish Volunteers to fight as well in secret because Eoin Mac
Neill did not approve of the IVF fighting
● Weapons were planned to be obtained from Germany and Roger Casement was sent on
the Aud to get the weapons
● They lost 20000 rifles, 10 guns and ammunition

Question 37

What happened during the 1916 rising?

Answer 37

21st April - The Aud was captured and Roger Casement was also captured, weapons and ammunition were lost
● 22nd April - Eoin Mac Neill realised that the letter he had received from the IRB and the Military Council “The Castle Document” was a forgery. In the document, it was stated that Britain would dismantle the IVF if they did not fight. Mac Neill wrote an article in the Sunday Independent to notify IVF members not to participate in the rising
● 23rd April - Leaders of the rising met to discuss in Liberty Hall
● 24th April - Buildings were taken over by the Irish rebels such as Jacob’s Factory and
the GPO, Pearse read the Proclamation outside the GPO
● 26th April - The British ship, the Helga bombed buildings along the River Liffey
● 29th April - Rebels were forced to surrender unconditionally
● The British outnumbered the rebels 20 to 1 and the rising was limited to Dublin only

Question 38

What were the consequences of the 1916 rising?

Answer 38

Rebels arrested and sent to Frongoch prison in Wales
● 3rd-12th May, executions took place at Frongoch prison
● 64 Irish soldiers wounded
● 120 British soldiers wounded
● 132 Irish soldiers died
● 397 British soldiers died
● 300 civilians died
● 2000 civilians wounded
● Growth in the popularity of Sinn Féin

Question 39

Background to the war of Irish war of independence

Answer 39

Sinn Féin rose in popularity
● Opposing views between Ireland and Britain
● Bitterness and hatred
● 21st January 1919 - First Dáil and first shots at Soloheadbeg, Co. Tipperary

Question 40

The Irish vs the British (war of independence)

Answer 40

Irish
IRA - Guerrilla tactics “hit and run”
Intelligence gathering
The Squad was set up by Michael Collins to kill British spies and detectives
British
Black and Tans - ex soldiers that carried out terror attacks
The Auxiliaries - ex officers
Royal Irish Constabulary - British police forces in Ireland

Question 41

What were the key events of the war of independence?

Answer 41

● Bloody Sunday 21st November 1920 - 30 people died (British and Irish). The Squad assassinated 11 of the G-men (spies and detectives). The Black and Tans drove their tank into Croke Park and the tank opened fire
● May 1920 - IRA attacked the Custom House leading to the capture/death of 80 IRA members

Question 42

Conclusion of the Irish war of independence

Answer 42

IRA - limited number of men and ammunition
● People - citizens demanded peace
● British government - criticized as being brutal
● Economically - war costs were expensive

Question 43

The Who, when, why and where of the Anglo Irish treaty 11th of July 1921

Answer 43

Who
● Irish delegates - Arthur Griffith and Michael Collins
● British delegates - Winston Churchill and Austin Chamberlain
● On the 6th December 1921, the treaty was signed after months of discussions
When
● October 1921 to 6th December 1921 - discussions
Why
● Sinn Féin wanted a republic (no monarchy) and total independence (all countries united)
● In London, the British wanted to keep Ireland as part of the British Empire
Where
● London

Question 44

What were the terms of the Anglo Irish treaty?

Answer 44

Dominian - Ireland would remain part of the British Empire
● Free State - new name: Ireland
● Oath of Allegiance - swore to the king of England
● Governor general - king’s representative
● Boundary Commission - border of north/south
● Ports - Berehaven, Cogn and Lough Swilly were used by the British as bases for troops

Question 45

Ireland during the Emergency (WW2)

Answer 45

Favoured neutrality
● Ireland’s independence
● Northern Ireland still a part of UK
● Too weak for stronger countries
● However, the Irish favoured the Allies
● Allied planes could fly over Donegal
● German airmen - imprisoned
● American airmen - released over border

Question 46

What was the emergency?

Answer 46

Describes the situation in Ireland during WW2
● Emergency Powers Act - Decisions were made quickly without having to consult with a
government

Question 47

Explain Rationing (during the erergancy)

Answer 47

Glimmerman checked houses to make sure they were using electricity and gas sparingly
● Turf replaced coal because coal was scarce
● Seán Lemass was appointed as Minister for Supplies
● Farmers were made to grow more wheat to make more flour
● Lemass rationed tea and sugar
● Petrol was only used by the most important services
● Electricity and gas was only available for a limited amount of time daily

Question 48

Employment issues during the emergency

Answer 48

Factories closed - had to join army
● Farmer - no fertilisers
● Emigration - leave Ireland

Question 49

Séan Lemass political background

Answer 49

Lemass replaced de Valera as Taoiseach in 1959
Lemass decided to modernise the country and introduced the First Programme for Economic Expansion
● Under this plan, protectionism (placing taxes/tariffs on imported goods) ended and he set out promoting exports and encouraging foreign investment
The result was a decline in emigration and an increase in employment
● He arranged to visit the Northern Ireland Prime Minister, Terence O’Neill in Belfast
(1961) to create a better relationship between the two
Lemass wanted to improve education
● He wanted to make Ireland modernised and attractive for tourists

Question 50

Background to Northern Ireland

Answer 50

Government of Ireland Act 1920 recognised partitioned Northern Ireland
● Stormont - dominated by Unionists
● Laws were enforced by the RUC and B-Specials who had the Special Powers Act 1922
● Catholics were discriminated
● Employment for Catholics was limited
● Gerrymandering resulted in Catholics being infuriated
● There was less funding for Catholic schools

Question 51

what happened During and After WW2 in Northern Ireland

Answer 51

De Valera wanted Ireland to be a neutral country
How
Crisis
● Churchill promised to give De Valera the 6 counties back if Ireland participated in the war
● De Valera rejected this offer, resulting in many disputes from both perspectives
Impact
● Bombing - destroy lives/infrastructure, Northern Ireland was bombed and considerably in April/May 1941
● Ireland had no radar
● Increased tensions between the North and the South of Ireland
Post WW2 - Welfare State in Northern Ireland
● Housing - best houses were given to Protestants despite the growing Catholic population
● Healthcare - there was an attempt to abolish TB and mainly Protestant mothers and
children benefitted
● Education - Protestant schools were given better supplies
● IRA - increased amount of IRA activity against unionists and tension, discrimination
increased
● Ireland Act 1949 - Northern Ireland would never be returned to Ireland without the
agreement of Northern Ireland government which was positive news for unionists

Question 52

Background of the Troubles

Answer 52

Terence O’Neill
● Wanted change
● Catholic
Tension and discrimination
Housing/education/employment/
gerrymandering
● The British army was sent to Northern Ireland to protect Catholic areas

Question 53

What was The civil rights movement ?

Answer 53

NICRA
● Aims - to end discrimination and secure equality for everyone
● Membership - mostly Catholics and Hume and Devlin were the leaders
● Strategy - peaceful protests
Key events escalated
● Derry 5th October 1968
● The RUC shot NICRA members on TV which caused outrage in Ireland and Britain
● British troops were considered brutal
● SDLP was formed in 1970
● Internment and IRA Activity/bombings continued

Question 54

What was Bloody Sunday?

Answer 54

30th January 1972 - 13 killed

Question 55

What was the sunningdale Agreement?

Answer 55

1973 in December
● Power Sharing (Brian Faulkner and Gerry Fitt) between the Ulster Unionist Party and the
SDLP
● Council of Ireland was established and this was the main body that politicians from both
North and South could consult on policies in the North
● Fell apart after 1 year due to strikes and Dublin - Monaghan bombings
● Unionists opposed this agreement and feared that Ireland would be closer to Irish unity
● Unionists therefore helped the Ulster Workers’ Council to organise a srtike in May of
1974 which led to the collapse of the power sharing government

Question 56

What was the Anglo Irish agreement?

Answer 56

1985 - an agreement between Fitz/Thatcher (Irish Agent)
● Signed at Hillsborough Castle
● It was agreed that North and South would co operate on security matters
● An Inter-Governmental Conference would also be established allowing members to
discuss problems in the north on a regular basis
● Downing Street Declaration - ceasefire
● End to sectarianism and hatred

Question 57

What was the Good Friday agreement!?

Answer 57

1998 signed by Tony Blair and Bertie Ahern
● Ceasefire announced by IRA
● Decommissioning (handed over weapons)
● Powersharing
● Elected parliament in Northern Ireland
● A government in which power would be shared between Unionist parties e.g Ulster
Unionists as well as Nationalist/Catholic parties e.g SDLP
● Cross-border bodies were to encourage North and South cooperation

Question 58

What was the Cold War?

Answer 58

A period of tension and hostility between the two superpowers of the USA and the USSR

Question 59

What were the causes of the Cold War?

Answer 59

Political Differences
● USA is a democratic country - favoured private enterprise and had a capitalist economy, several parties took part in the elections, freedom of speech and religion
● Russia is a communist country - state owned economy and only one political party, dictatorship
Disagreements during the War
● Stalin was bitter and paranoid
● American refused to share the secret to their atomic bombs
Disagreements after the War
● Satellite state refers to the countries or regions that came under Soviet influence after war
● Iron curtain refers to the division that existed between the Democratic West and the Communist East

Question 60

What was America’s response to the Cold War?

Answer 60

Truman Doctrine 1947
● Harry Truman’s commitment to stop communism
● Military help was provided to the governments of countries who were fighting against
communist countries
Containment
● A policy to prevent the spread of communism
The Marshall Plan
● Financial aid offered to European countries in exchange for not becoming a communist country

Question 61

What was the Russian response to the Cold War?

Answer 61

Comecon - similar to the Marshall Plan

Question 62

The why of the Berlin blockade 1948-1949

Answer 62

At the Yalta Conference in February 1945, the leaders of the Allied countries decided to divide Germany after the war
● Germany was divided into 4 zones and each Allied country took control (Russia, Britain, America and France)
● Berlin was also divided into 4 zones between the Allies
● Allies had different views on the treatment of Germany
● US, Britain and France wanted to revive the German economy
● Russia wanted to punish Germany
● In June 1948, the democratic Allies released the Deutschmark, a new currency and
Stalin’s reaction resulted in the start of the Berlin Blockade

Question 63

The how of the Berlin blockade 1948-1949

Answer 63

Soviet’s Response to Deutschmark
● Closed all the railroads, roads and canal access
● Cease power supplies
Allied response
● Operation Vittle - for 11 months, 1 plane was dropped every 90 seconds to provide people with food, medicine, supplies, coal and petrol
● In May 1949, the Blockade was eventually lifted

Question 64

What was the outcome of the Berlin blockade 1948-1949

Answer 64

Soviet’s showed that they were not willing to go to war
● The Western Allies formed the NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organisation)
● West Germany became known as the Federal Republic
● East Germany became known as the German Democratic Republic
● The Berlin Wall (1961-1989) was built to separate West and East Germany
● The Berlin Wall had armed guards and watchtowers
● Anyone who tried to climb over the wall was killed

Question 65

The why of the Cuban missile crisis

Answer 65

America had a great relationship with Cuba when Batista was in control
● Fidel Castro overthrew Batista in 1959
● Castro forced Batista and his followers out of the country Cuba
● Castro established a one party socialist state and nationalised sugar plantations and
other big businesses
● Castro gained support from the Russians
● America was not happy when Castro gained support from the Russians

Question 66

The how of the Cuban missile crisis

Answer 66

● Bay of Pigs 1961 - JFK supported an armed invasion of Cuba and the invaders landed at the Bay of Pigs, but they were easily defeated
● CIA (Central Intelligence Agent) + JFK
● Exiles - sent Cubans living in America back to the Bay of Pigs
● Soviets building nuclear bases
● American U2 spy planes confirmed the existence of such bases in October 1962
● Kennedy ordered an American naval blockade
● In response, from the 22nd to the 28th October 1962, the world was on edge
● On 28th October, both sides agreed to a truce (JFK and Khrushchev)

Question 67

The results of the Cuban missile crisis

Answer 67

Russia withdrew weapons from Cuba and US withdrew weapons from Turkey
● Phone line was installed between the Kremlin and the White House
● Both signed a Nuclear Test Ban Treaty
● Never again risk a direct nuclear war was agreed between the two countries