First year history Flashcards
Sources
Written ● Visual ● Oral
Definitions Of numerous sources
Primary source refers to sources that come directly from the period of time being
studied
● Secondary source refers to sources to come indirectly and after the period of time
being studied
● Bias refers to deliberately selecting evidence to strengthen their own case and
weakening others
● Prejudice refers to making up your mind before you know what will happen
● Propaganda refers to appealing to people’s feelings in order to promote your point of
view and convince people you are right
● Manuscripts refers to handwritten books usually in Latin
● Autobiography refers to the story of a person’s own life written by themselves
● Biography refers to the story of a person’s life written by a historian or another person
● Chronology refers to putting events in order of time
● Anno Domini (AD) refers to the Year of Our Lord and the years after Jesus Christ was
born
● BC refers to the years before the birth of Christ
What is archaeology?
Archaeology is the story of the past from material remains
What are artifacts ?
Are objects made by people
Dating the evidence
Stratigraphy ● Coins ● Pottery ● Dendrochronology ● Carbon dating ● Pollen analysis
Details of the early Christian monestaries
Bible was studied
● Manuscripts were copied
● Metalworking and stone carvings were produced
● Great works of art
● Welcomed visitors
● St Enda, Skellig Michael, Clonmacnoise and Clonmel are examples
Life of monks
Main activity was prayer ● Attended 6-8 services on a daily basis ● Farming Self sufficient ● Strict rules ● Produced own food ● Wore uncomfortable habits and shaved tonsures
Round tower
Door high above ground reached by a ladder
● Belfries rung a bell to call monks for services
● Storage for valuables
● Safety from vikings when under attack
Stone crosses (early Christian Ireland significance)
High stone crosses were first simple
● Later, details of scenes from the Bible and figures of saints were carved
● Taught people about Christianity who were illiterate
● Muireadach’s Cross in Co. Louth is an example
● The top of these were often made into small churches
Patrician housing (Rome)
Domus ● Private houses ● Front occupied by shops ● Enter the house through an atrium ● The peristylium is the walled garden at the rear end of the domus ● Impluvium was a shallow pool that collected rainwater from an open roof ● Floor made of mosaic ● Walls decorated with murals
Plebeians (housing) (Rome)
Insulae - apartments
● Lower storeys made of stone
● Higher floors made of timber
● Poorer families rented upper rooms (bad conditions)
● No toilets or water supply
● Public toilets and water was from public fountains
● Great danger of the timber catching on fire
Family life (Rome)
Father was in charge even when children were adults
● Mother ran household and did spinning
● Arranged marriages for daughters
● Poorer women worked in markets, shops and baths
Food and drink in Rome
Poor
● Depended on bread for breakfast and lunch
● Porridge from wheat barley
● Cold dinners or take away
Rich
● Simple breakfast and lunch
● After bathing, dinner was the main meal (known as cena)
● The cena had 3 courses
● May have attended feasts
● Men and women lay on couches as they ate
● Slaves served food and musicians entertained the rich as they ate
● Used fingers to eat their food
What was the dole? (Rome)
Emperors gave a free supply of grain to 200000 unemployed Romans on a monthly basis
Education in ancient rome
Poor
● Illiterate
● They had to work
● Little time for education
Rich
● At 7 years old, the children went to primary school
● Boys went on to grammar school
● Learned to write on a wax tablet with a stylus (a pen)
● Girls stayed home to prepare for marriage
