First year history Flashcards

Question

Manor

Answer 1

Village and land surrounding it given to the knight by his lord ● Lived in the manor house ● Knights kept a demesne for their own use and rented to peasants ● Knights employed bailiffs to run manors

Answer 2

Tournaments ● Jousting | ● Hawking

Answer 3

The Renaissance refers to the revival or the rebirth of interest in learning of ancient Greece and Rome

Answer 4

Ruins in ancient Rome ● Reminded Italians of their glorious past ● Studied by artists all over Europe ● Inspired Italians to learn about their past City states ● Competed with each other to produce fine works ● City states refers to the most important states in Italy Wealth of Italian cities ● Merchants brought silk and spices from Asia ● Merchants used their wealth to become patrons Fall of Constantinople ● Turks captured it in 1453 ● Before it was captured, many scholars left for Italy and brought manuscripts with them Invention of the printing press ● Learning of ancient Greece and Rome could now be spread quicker

Answer 5

``` Background ● Born in Mainz, Germany ● Goldsmith ● Invented moveable metal type made of individual metal letters ● Invented printing press First printed book ● Bible in Latin ● 42 lines on each page in Gothic style ``` ``` ● Painted on paper, cheaper than vellum or parchment After invention ● Bad businessman and was expelled from his own business ● Printed press spread quickly Effects of printing press ● Plentiful supply of books ● Cheaper books ● Spread of literacy ● More emphasis on education ● Spread of new ideas ```

Answer 6

``` Background ● Born in 1452 in Vinci ● Born illegitimate ● Fascinated by science ● Kept notebooks in mirror writing Apprenticeship ● Verrocchio in Florence ● “The Baptism of Christ” - da Vinci painted the angel in the left hand corner ● Used oil instead of egg tempera Journeyman ● Sforza in Milan was his patron ● “The Last Supper” - each face had a unique expression ● Painted on dry plaster, easier to correct mistakes but later on began to crack Later life ● Returned to Florence ● “Mona Lisa” ``` ● Medici, new patron ● Sfumato Death ● France, 1519 ● “Mona Lisa” - Louvre

Answer 7

Early life ● Born in Pisa, Italy ● Studied medicine at University of Pisa ● Pendulum clock in Pisa Cathedral ● Overheard geometry lesson and switched interests to maths and science Maths ● Professor of mathematics at Padua University ● Theory of the speed of falling bodies Telescope ● Saw mountains and craters on moon ● Saw four moons around Jupiter ● Saw sunspots Copernicus’ theory ● Sun was at the centre of the universe ● Galileo used his telescope to support this theory Catholic Church ● Published a book about his ideas ● Summoned to Rome to appear before Inquisition ● Forced to deny his beliefs under threat of torture ● Under house arrest ● Went blind in 1637, but worked until death in 1642

Answer 8

``` Early Life ● Stratford-on-Avon ● Merchant and public figure ● Father ● Married Anne Hathaway at 18 ``` ``` Actor and playwright ● Moved to London in 30s alone ● Became an actor and wrote with the King’s Men, a theatre company ● Performed in the Globe Theatre ● Wrote 38 plays ● Performed for monarchy Fictional characters ● Realistic ● Human emotions ● Tragedies, comedies and histories ● 150 sonnets Globe Theatre ● Only boys allowed ● No stage scenery Death ● 1613 returned to Stratford ● 1616 died ```

Answer 9

Perspective ● Printing press ● Old ideas questioned ● New discovery in knowledge ● New ideas ● Developments in painting, sculpture, and architecture Advancements in science and medicine Science ● Galileo Galilei - telescope ● Theory of the speed of falling bodies ● Copernicus theory - sun is the centre of the universe “On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres”