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third year chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

atomic number

A

number of protons

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2
Q

mass number

A

number of protons and neutrons

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3
Q

isotopes

A

atoms that have the same atomic number but different mass number

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4
Q

cations

A

positive ions

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5
Q

anions

A

negative ions

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6
Q

definition of iconic bonding

A

electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions

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7
Q

what do ionic bonds form

A

giant ionic lattices

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8
Q

properties of ionic bonds

A
  • solid at room temp
  • have a high melting point
  • cannot conduct when solid as electrons cannot move
  • ionic liquids can conduct
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9
Q

acid + carbonate —->

A

acid + carbonate —–> salt + water + carbon dioxide

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10
Q

metal carbonates —–>

A

metal carbonate —–> metal oxide + carbon dioxide

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11
Q

acid + base —–>

A

acid + base ——> salt + water

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12
Q

what do bases do with hydrogen

A

bases accept H+

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13
Q

examples of bases

A
  • metal oxides

- metal hydroxide insoluble

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14
Q

acid + metal —–>

A

acid + metal —–> salt + hydrogen

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15
Q

hydrochloric acid symbol

A

HCl

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16
Q

sulphuric acid symbol

A

HSO4

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17
Q

nitric acid symbol

A

NO3

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18
Q

phosphoric acid symbol

A

H3PO4

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19
Q

hydrochloric acid charge

A

-1

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20
Q

sulphuric acid charge

A

-2

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21
Q

nitric acid charge

A

-1

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22
Q

phosphoric acid charge

A

-3

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23
Q

salts

A

metal + non metal

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24
Q

alkali

A
  • contains OH or NH3 ammonium

- if it is a metal hydroxide and is soluble

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25
Q

similarities between group 1 metals

A
  • all have 1 electron in outer shell

- all want to lose 1 outer shell electron

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26
Q

physical properties of group 1 metals

A
  • soft, gets softer down the group

- melting point is low and gets lower down the group

27
Q

explain how reactivity increases going down group 1 metals

A
  • going down the group ions get bigger
  • nucleus gets further away from outer shell electron
  • less attraction between nucleus and electron making it easier to use
  • weaker metallic bond
  • more reactive
28
Q

metallic bonding

A

electrostatic attraction between positive ions and a sea of delocalised electrons

29
Q

physical properties of metals

A
  • ions arranged in layers and can slide over each other so very malleable
  • can conduct electricity, electrons can move
30
Q

alloys

A

a mixture of 2 or more different metals or carbon

31
Q

when do elements become reduced in an equation

A
  • loss of oxygen
    or
  • gain of electrons
32
Q

when do elements become oxidised in an equation

A
  • gain of oxygen
    or
  • loss of electrons
33
Q

what situations make iron rust

A

iron + water + oxygen

34
Q

ways to prevent rusting

A
  • painting
  • oil
    galvinising
35
Q

what is electrolysis

A

a way to extract metals which are more reactive than carbon

36
Q

how does electrolysis work

A
  • use electricity to break up compound
    ions need to be able to move and in a liquid
  • electrode cathode forms metal atoms
  • electrode anode forms non-metal atoms
37
Q

what is the reactivity list

A

K, Na, Li, Ca, Mg, Al, Zn, Fe, Pb, Cu, Ag, Au, Pt

38
Q

when do we use carbon to extract metals

A

when carbon is more reactive so it can displace the metal

39
Q

solubility rules

A
  • group 1 metals
  • nitrate
  • chlorine
  • sulphate
40
Q

solvent

A

a liquid in which a solute is dissolved in a solution

41
Q

soluble

A

a substance that can be dissolved

42
Q

insoluble

A

a substance that cannot be dissolved

43
Q

saturated

A

a solution in which no more solute can be dissolved

44
Q

solute

A

the substance to be dissolved

45
Q

solution

A

a mixture of the solvent with a solute dissolved in it

46
Q

suspension

A

a solid present in a solution as it didnt dissolve

47
Q

test for carbon dioxide

A

bubble the gas through limewater

48
Q

test for hydrogen

A

squeaky pop

- a lit splint will be ignited when entinguished will make a squeaky pop noise

49
Q

what colour does phenolphthalein turn in acid

A

colourless

50
Q

what colour does phenolphthalein turn in neutral

A

colourless

51
Q

what colour does phenolphthalein turn in alkali

52
Q

what colour does methyl orange turn in acid

53
Q

what colour does methyl orange turn in neutral

54
Q

what colour does methyl orange turn in alkali

55
Q

what colour does universal indicator turn in acid

56
Q

what colour does universal indicator turn in neutral

57
Q

what colour does universal indicator turn in alkali

58
Q

what colour does red litmus paper turn in acid

59
Q

what colour does red litmus paper turn in neutral

60
Q

what colour does red litmus paper turn in alkali

61
Q

what colour does blue litmus paper turn in acid

62
Q

what colour does blue litmus paper turn in neutral

63
Q

what colour does blue litmus paper turn in alkali

chemistry (8 decks)

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