organics 1 Flashcards
what are hydrocarbons made up of
only hydrogen and carbon
what hydrocarbons come out of crude oil
refinery gases, gasoline, kerosene, diesel, fuel oil, bitumen
what are the uses of refinery gases
heating homes
what are the uses of gasoline
fuel for cars
what are the uses of kerosene
aircraft fuel
what are the uses of diesel
fuel for lorries
what are the uses of bitumen
road tarmac
what is a homologous series
a group of compounds with the same general formula same chemical properties and trend in physical properties
how many bonds do alkanes have
single bonds
naming alkanes
1 carbon - methane 2 carbons - ethane 3 carbons - propane 4 carbons - butane 5 carbons - propane
formula for alkanes
CnH2n+2
equation for complete combustion
hydrocarbon + oxygen —-> carbon dioxide + water
equation for incomplete combustion
hydrocarbon + oxygen —-> carbon + carbon + water
what are side effects of incomplete combustion
Co - toxic, binds irreversibly to haemoglobin
Co2 - leads to enhanced greenhouse effect
what is the equation for alkanes + halogens
CH4 + Br2 — uv light –> CH3 + HBr
what is this equation called
substitution
what is an isomer
same molecular formula but different structure
what is cracking
breaking down large less useful hydrocarbons into smaller more useful ones
what conditions are needed for cracking
- Al2O3 as a catalyst
- 600 - 700 degrees
saturated
single bonds - alkanes
unsaturated
double bonds - alkenes
formula for alkenes
CnH2n
observations when combusting alkanes
- yellow and soot = incomplete combustion
observations when combusting alkenes
- yellow flame and a lot of soot
