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chemistry > organics 1 > Flashcards

organics 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

what are hydrocarbons made up of

A

only hydrogen and carbon

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2
Q

what hydrocarbons come out of crude oil

A

refinery gases, gasoline, kerosene, diesel, fuel oil, bitumen

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3
Q

what are the uses of refinery gases

A

heating homes

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4
Q

what are the uses of gasoline

A

fuel for cars

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5
Q

what are the uses of kerosene

A

aircraft fuel

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6
Q

what are the uses of diesel

A

fuel for lorries

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7
Q

what are the uses of bitumen

A

road tarmac

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8
Q

what is a homologous series

A

a group of compounds with the same general formula same chemical properties and trend in physical properties

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9
Q

how many bonds do alkanes have

A

single bonds

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10
Q

naming alkanes

A 
1 carbon - methane 
2 carbons - ethane 
3 carbons - propane
4 carbons - butane
5 carbons - propane
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11
Q

formula for alkanes

A

CnH2n+2

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12
Q

equation for complete combustion

A

hydrocarbon + oxygen —-> carbon dioxide + water

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13
Q

equation for incomplete combustion

A

hydrocarbon + oxygen —-> carbon + carbon + water

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14
Q

what are side effects of incomplete combustion

A

Co - toxic, binds irreversibly to haemoglobin

Co2 - leads to enhanced greenhouse effect

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15
Q

what is the equation for alkanes + halogens

A

CH4 + Br2 — uv light –> CH3 + HBr

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16
Q

what is this equation called

A

substitution

17
Q

what is an isomer

A

same molecular formula but different structure

18
Q

what is cracking

A

breaking down large less useful hydrocarbons into smaller more useful ones

19
Q

what conditions are needed for cracking

A
  • Al2O3 as a catalyst

- 600 - 700 degrees

20
Q

saturated

A

single bonds - alkanes

21
Q

unsaturated

A

double bonds - alkenes

22
Q

formula for alkenes

A

CnH2n

23
Q

observations when combusting alkanes

A
  • yellow and soot = incomplete combustion
24
Q

observations when combusting alkenes

A
  • yellow flame and a lot of soot
25
Q

observations when alkanes mix with bromine water

A

Remains orange
substitution reaction
| no reaction happens

26
Q

observations when alkenes mix with bromine water

A

Solution turns colourless
Addition reaction

27
Q

What are the uses of fuel oil

A

Ship fuel

28
Q

how is crude oil separated

A
  • crude oil is heated
  • vapour rises up the column
  • the column is heated at the bottom and is cooler at the top
  • vapours condesnses at their boiling point

chemistry (8 decks)

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