Third Year Buzzwords Flashcards
(113 cards)
1
Q
thunderclap headache
A
subarachnoid haemorrhage
2
Q
xanthochromic lumbar puncture
A
subarachnoid haemorrhage
3
Q
lucid period after head trauma then deterioration
A
extradural haemorrhage
4
Q
lemon/convex shaped bleed on CT
A
extradural haemorrhage
5
Q
low impact trauma in elderly person/alcoholic
A
subdural haemorrhage
6
Q
banana/crescent shaped bleed on CT
A
subdural haemorrhage
7
Q
cogwheel rigidity
A
Parkinsons disease
8
Q
positive Gowers manoevure
A
muscular dystrophy
9
Q
REM sleep disturbance
A
Lewy body dementia
10
Q
personality changes followed by dementia
A
fronto-temporal dementia
11
Q
4 main symptoms of Parkinson’s
A
T - tremor
R - rigidity
A - ataxia (bradykinesia)
P - postural instability
12
Q
dementia with stepwise deterioration
A
vascular dementia
13
Q
weakness + frontal balding + cataracts + ptosis
A
myotonic dystrophy
14
Q
positive Babinski’s sign
A
UMN lesion
15
Q
pronator drift
A
UMN lesion
16
Q
antipsychotic causing agranulocytosis
A
clozapine
17
Q
syndrome due to thiamine deficiency
A
Wernickes Korsakoff syndrome
18
Q
painless maternal blood with no foetal distress
A
placenta praevia
19
Q
foetal blood + sudden foetal distress
A
vasa praevia
20
Q
PPH followed by pituitary failure
A
Sheenan’s syndrome
21
Q
pleural effusion + ascites + ovarian thecoma
A
Meig’s syndrome
22
Q
foetal distress + loss of engagement
A
uterine rupture
23
Q
chocolate cysts in ovary
A
endometrioma
24
Q
strawberry cervix
A
trichomonas vaginalis
25
clue cells, vaginal pH >4.5
bacterial vaginosis
26
large, tense uterus with woody abdomen
| bleeding and pain
placental abruption
27
ADHD triad of symptoms
hyperactivity
impulsivity
inattention
28
autism triad of symptoms
impaired communication
language
repetitive behaviour
29
pepper pot skull/lytic bone lesions
myeloma
30
congo red staining
amyloid deposits in myeloma or AA amyloidosis
31
Reed-Sternberg cells
Hodgkin Lymphoma
32
alcohol causes pain in this haem cancer
Hodgkin Lymphoma
33
snowstorm appearance on USS
molar pregnancy
34
overly high HCG and SFH large for gestational age
molar pregnancy
35
first line anti-emetic for hyperemesis
cyclising or prochloperamide
36
Philadelphia chromosome translocation
chronic myeloid leukaemia
37
Auer rods
acute myeloid leukaemia
38
bence jones protein
multiple myeloma
39
itchy after bath
polycythaemia vera
40
deficiency in factor XIII
haemophilia A
41
deficiency in factor IX
haemophilia B
42
smudge cells (immature leukocytes)
chronic lymphocytic leukaemia
43
schistocytes
intravascular haemolysis
44
Howel Jolly bodies
hyposplenism
45
Bell's palsy - UMN or LMN
LMN
46
features of Bell's palsy
```
facial droop
sagging of mouth on smiling
loss of forehead wrinkling
reduced taste
hypersensitivity to sound
```
47
dementia presenting with short term memory loss
Alzheimer's
48
gait disturbance + urinary incontinence in stepwise progression
vascular dementia
49
REM sleep disorders + visual hallucinations + fluctuating cognitive ability
Lewy body dementia
50
changes in pre-morbid personality initially
fronto-temporal dementia
51
management of dementia initially
cholinesterase inhibitors - donepezil, rivastigmine
52
example of NMDA receptor antagonist
memantine
53
fluency of speech is maintained but is non-sensical
receptive aphasia/Wernicke's aphasia
54
comprehension is intact/speech makes sense but is staggered and effortful
expressive aphasia/Broca's aphasia
55
pinpoint pupils, appears snoring/sleeping
opioid overdose
56
acute management of opioid overdose
naloxone
57
dilated pupils, n&v, tachycardia, lacrimation, piloerection
opioid withdrawal
58
drug to reduce long term cravings of alcohol, commenced once out of withdrawal
naltrexone
59
inhibitor of acetaldehyde dehydrogenase for alcohol dependency
Antabuse
60
differentiating features of MG and LEMS
LEMS - fatigue improves as day goes on, also has autonomic features and hyporeflexia
61
autoantibodies against the post-synaptic ACh terminal
myasthenia gravis
62
pes cavus, champagne legs, weakness and peripheral sensory loss
Charcot-Marie tooth disease
63
triggers for GBS
campylobacter
CMV
EBV
64
fluent speech, comprehension intact, repetition poor
conductive dysphasia
65
tear drop RBCs
myelofibrosis
66
spherocytes
hereditary spherocytosis
67
schistocytes
haemolytic anaemia
68
Heinz bodies
denatured haemoglobin eg G6PD def
69
most common pathogens causing viral meningitis
ECHO virus
enterovirus (coxsackie)
herpes simplex
70
most common pathogens causing bacterial meningitis
strep pneumoniae
| neisseria meningitis
71
most common pathogens causing bacterial meningitis in neonates
listeria
group B strep
E. coli
72
most common pathogens causing bacterial meningitis in children under 10
haemophilus influenza
73
most common pathogens causing bacterial meningitis in elderly people
listeria monocytogenes
74
who is most likely to get fungal meningitis
HIV/immunocompromised people
| typically cryptococcal
75
contraindications for lumbar puncture
```
papilloedema
focal neurology
vomiting
altered consciousness
GCS <9
```
76
LP for viral meningitis shows
mainly lymphocytes
77
LP for bacterial meningitis shows
mainly neutrophils
78
first line treatment for bacterial meningitis
IV ceftriaxone
79
what is added to Abs for an elderly patient with meningitis
amoxicillin for cover against listeria
80
what are the components of triple assessment
clinical history/exam
imaging
biopsy
81
firm, mobile, simple breast lump
fibroadenoma
82
management of VTE in pregnancy
low molecular weight heparin
83
causes of SGA baby
constitutionally small
IUGR
prematurity
84
causes of LGA baby
polyhydramnios
multiple pregnancy
macrosomia
wrong dates
85
4 Ts of PPH
tone
tissue
trauma
thrombin
86
example of tocolytic
terabutaline
87
management of shoulder dystocia
```
H - help
E - evaluate for episiotomy
L - legs McRoberts manoeuvre
P - pressure suprapubically
E - enter the pelvic
R - get mother to roll
```
88
SSRI that is safe in pregnancy and one that is not safe
sertraline - safe
| paroxetine - unsafe
89
lithium causes which foetal anomaly
cardiac defects - Epstein's anomaly
90
Benzes cause what foetal anomaly
cleft lip
| neonatal withdrawal
91
triad of congenital rubella syndrome
eye problems - cataract, glaucoma etc
sensorineural hearing loss
cardiac defects
92
are NSAIDs safe in pregnancy
no - cause closure of ductus arteriosus and prevent the cervix from ripening in labour as prostaglandins are blocked
93
components of combined test for Down's
USS to assess nuchal thickness >6mm
| bloods - bHCG and PAPP-A
94
raised or lowered bHCG and PAPP-A are suggestive of Down's
bHCG - raised
| PAPP-A - lowered
95
when is the triple test to assess for Down's carried out
14-20 weeks
96
components of triple test
bHCG + AFP and serum oestradiol
97
components of quadruple test
bHCG + AFP + serum oestradiol + inhibin-A
98
two options for antenatal diagnostic testing for Down's
CVS - 11-14 weeks
| amniocentesis - from 15 weeks
99
which antihypertensives are safe to use in pregnancy
labetolol
methyldopa
nifedipine
100
TAILS pneumonic for microcytic anaemia
```
thalassaemia
anaemia of chronic disease
iron deficiency
lead poisoning
sideroblastic anaemia
```
101
painful lymph nodes after drinking
Hodgkin's lymphoma
102
B symptoms in lymphoma
fever
night sweats
weight loss
103
diagnostic test for blood cancers
immunophenotyping
104
what type of drug is Rituximab and what is it used to treat
anti-CD20 monoclonal Ab - used to treat Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
105
blood film with Roulex formation
paraprotein disease
106
4 main types of myeloproliferative disorders
polycythaemia rubra vera
essential thrombocythaemia
chronic myeloid leukaemia
myelofibrosis
107
JAK 2 mutation causes
polycythaemia rubra vera
108
itchy after a hot bath
polycythemia rubra vera
109
VWF disease will have prolonged aPTT or PTT
aPTT
110
management of VWD disease
desmopressin, promotes the release of VWF
111
factor 8 deficiency
haemophilia A
112
where is B12 absorbed
terminal ileum
113
where is folate absorbed
duodenum
