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Third Year Buzzwords Flashcards

1
Q

thunderclap headache

A

subarachnoid haemorrhage

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2
Q

xanthochromic lumbar puncture

A

subarachnoid haemorrhage

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3
Q

lucid period after head trauma then deterioration

A

extradural haemorrhage

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4
Q

lemon/convex shaped bleed on CT

A

extradural haemorrhage

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5
Q

low impact trauma in elderly person/alcoholic

A

subdural haemorrhage

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6
Q

banana/crescent shaped bleed on CT

A

subdural haemorrhage

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7
Q

cogwheel rigidity

A

Parkinsons disease

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8
Q

positive Gowers manoevure

A

muscular dystrophy

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9
Q

REM sleep disturbance

A

Lewy body dementia

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10
Q

personality changes followed by dementia

A

fronto-temporal dementia

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11
Q

4 main symptoms of Parkinson’s

A

T - tremor
R - rigidity
A - ataxia (bradykinesia)
P - postural instability

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12
Q

dementia with stepwise deterioration

A

vascular dementia

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13
Q

weakness + frontal balding + cataracts + ptosis

A

myotonic dystrophy

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14
Q

positive Babinski’s sign

A

UMN lesion

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15
Q

pronator drift

A

UMN lesion

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16
Q

antipsychotic causing agranulocytosis

A

clozapine

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17
Q

syndrome due to thiamine deficiency

A

Wernickes Korsakoff syndrome

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18
Q

painless maternal blood with no foetal distress

A

placenta praevia

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19
Q

foetal blood + sudden foetal distress

A

vasa praevia

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20
Q

PPH followed by pituitary failure

A

Sheenan’s syndrome

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21
Q

pleural effusion + ascites + ovarian thecoma

A

Meig’s syndrome

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22
Q

foetal distress + loss of engagement

A

uterine rupture

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23
Q

chocolate cysts in ovary

A

endometrioma

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24
Q

strawberry cervix

A

trichomonas vaginalis

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25
Q

clue cells, vaginal pH >4.5

A

bacterial vaginosis

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26
Q

large, tense uterus with woody abdomen

bleeding and pain

A

placental abruption

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27
Q

ADHD triad of symptoms

A

hyperactivity
impulsivity
inattention

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28
Q

autism triad of symptoms

A

impaired communication
language
repetitive behaviour

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29
Q

pepper pot skull/lytic bone lesions

A

myeloma

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30
Q

congo red staining

A

amyloid deposits in myeloma or AA amyloidosis

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31
Q

Reed-Sternberg cells

A

Hodgkin Lymphoma

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32
Q

alcohol causes pain in this haem cancer

A

Hodgkin Lymphoma

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33
Q

snowstorm appearance on USS

A

molar pregnancy

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34
Q

overly high HCG and SFH large for gestational age

A

molar pregnancy

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35
Q

first line anti-emetic for hyperemesis

A

cyclising or prochloperamide

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36
Q

Philadelphia chromosome translocation

A

chronic myeloid leukaemia

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37
Q

Auer rods

A

acute myeloid leukaemia

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38
Q

bence jones protein

A

multiple myeloma

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39
Q

itchy after bath

A

polycythaemia vera

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40
Q

deficiency in factor XIII

A

haemophilia A

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41
Q

deficiency in factor IX

A

haemophilia B

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42
Q

smudge cells (immature leukocytes)

A

chronic lymphocytic leukaemia

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43
Q

schistocytes

A

intravascular haemolysis

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44
Q

Howel Jolly bodies

A

hyposplenism

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45
Q

Bell’s palsy - UMN or LMN

A

LMN

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46
Q

features of Bell’s palsy

A 
facial droop 
sagging of mouth on smiling
loss of forehead wrinkling 
reduced taste 
hypersensitivity to sound
47
Q

dementia presenting with short term memory loss

A

Alzheimer’s

48
Q

gait disturbance + urinary incontinence in stepwise progression

A

vascular dementia

49
Q

REM sleep disorders + visual hallucinations + fluctuating cognitive ability

A

Lewy body dementia

50
Q

changes in pre-morbid personality initially

A

fronto-temporal dementia

51
Q

management of dementia initially

A

cholinesterase inhibitors - donepezil, rivastigmine

52
Q

example of NMDA receptor antagonist

53
Q

fluency of speech is maintained but is non-sensical

A

receptive aphasia/Wernicke’s aphasia

54
Q

comprehension is intact/speech makes sense but is staggered and effortful

A

expressive aphasia/Broca’s aphasia

55
Q

pinpoint pupils, appears snoring/sleeping

A

opioid overdose

56
Q

acute management of opioid overdose

57
Q

dilated pupils, n&v, tachycardia, lacrimation, piloerection

A

opioid withdrawal

58
Q

drug to reduce long term cravings of alcohol, commenced once out of withdrawal

A

naltrexone

59
Q

inhibitor of acetaldehyde dehydrogenase for alcohol dependency

60
Q

differentiating features of MG and LEMS

A

LEMS - fatigue improves as day goes on, also has autonomic features and hyporeflexia

61
Q

autoantibodies against the post-synaptic ACh terminal

A

myasthenia gravis

62
Q

pes cavus, champagne legs, weakness and peripheral sensory loss

A

Charcot-Marie tooth disease

63
Q

triggers for GBS

A

campylobacter
CMV
EBV

64
Q

fluent speech, comprehension intact, repetition poor

A

conductive dysphasia

65
Q

tear drop RBCs

A

myelofibrosis

66
Q

spherocytes

A

hereditary spherocytosis

67
Q

schistocytes

A

haemolytic anaemia

68
Q

Heinz bodies

A

denatured haemoglobin eg G6PD def

69
Q

most common pathogens causing viral meningitis

A

ECHO virus
enterovirus (coxsackie)
herpes simplex

70
Q

most common pathogens causing bacterial meningitis

A

strep pneumoniae

neisseria meningitis

71
Q

most common pathogens causing bacterial meningitis in neonates

A

listeria
group B strep
E. coli

72
Q

most common pathogens causing bacterial meningitis in children under 10

A

haemophilus influenza

73
Q

most common pathogens causing bacterial meningitis in elderly people

A

listeria monocytogenes

74
Q

who is most likely to get fungal meningitis

A

HIV/immunocompromised people

typically cryptococcal

75
Q

contraindications for lumbar puncture

A 
papilloedema
focal neurology
vomiting
altered consciousness 
GCS <9
76
Q

LP for viral meningitis shows

A

mainly lymphocytes

77
Q

LP for bacterial meningitis shows

A

mainly neutrophils

78
Q

first line treatment for bacterial meningitis

A

IV ceftriaxone

79
Q

what is added to Abs for an elderly patient with meningitis

A

amoxicillin for cover against listeria

80
Q

what are the components of triple assessment

A

clinical history/exam
imaging
biopsy

81
Q

firm, mobile, simple breast lump

A

fibroadenoma

82
Q

management of VTE in pregnancy

A

low molecular weight heparin

83
Q

causes of SGA baby

A

constitutionally small
IUGR
prematurity

84
Q

causes of LGA baby

A

polyhydramnios
multiple pregnancy
macrosomia
wrong dates

85
Q

4 Ts of PPH

A

tone
tissue
trauma
thrombin

86
Q

example of tocolytic

A

terabutaline

87
Q

management of shoulder dystocia

A 
H - help 
E - evaluate for episiotomy 
L - legs McRoberts manoeuvre 
P - pressure suprapubically
E - enter the pelvic
R - get mother to roll
88
Q

SSRI that is safe in pregnancy and one that is not safe

A

sertraline - safe

paroxetine - unsafe

89
Q

lithium causes which foetal anomaly

A

cardiac defects - Epstein’s anomaly

90
Q

Benzes cause what foetal anomaly

A

cleft lip

neonatal withdrawal

91
Q

triad of congenital rubella syndrome

A

eye problems - cataract, glaucoma etc
sensorineural hearing loss
cardiac defects

92
Q

are NSAIDs safe in pregnancy

A

no - cause closure of ductus arteriosus and prevent the cervix from ripening in labour as prostaglandins are blocked

93
Q

components of combined test for Down’s

A

USS to assess nuchal thickness >6mm

bloods - bHCG and PAPP-A

94
Q

raised or lowered bHCG and PAPP-A are suggestive of Down’s

A

bHCG - raised

PAPP-A - lowered

95
Q

when is the triple test to assess for Down’s carried out

A

14-20 weeks

96
Q

components of triple test

A

bHCG + AFP and serum oestradiol

97
Q

components of quadruple test

A

bHCG + AFP + serum oestradiol + inhibin-A

98
Q

two options for antenatal diagnostic testing for Down’s

A

CVS - 11-14 weeks

amniocentesis - from 15 weeks

99
Q

which antihypertensives are safe to use in pregnancy

A

labetolol
methyldopa
nifedipine

100
Q

TAILS pneumonic for microcytic anaemia

A 
thalassaemia
anaemia of chronic disease
iron deficiency
lead poisoning
sideroblastic anaemia
101
Q

painful lymph nodes after drinking

A

Hodgkin’s lymphoma

102
Q

B symptoms in lymphoma

A

fever
night sweats
weight loss

103
Q

diagnostic test for blood cancers

A

immunophenotyping

104
Q

what type of drug is Rituximab and what is it used to treat

A

anti-CD20 monoclonal Ab - used to treat Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma

105
Q

blood film with Roulex formation

A

paraprotein disease

106
Q

4 main types of myeloproliferative disorders

A

polycythaemia rubra vera
essential thrombocythaemia
chronic myeloid leukaemia
myelofibrosis

107
Q

JAK 2 mutation causes

A

polycythaemia rubra vera

108
Q

itchy after a hot bath

A

polycythemia rubra vera

109
Q

VWF disease will have prolonged aPTT or PTT

110
Q

management of VWD disease

A

desmopressin, promotes the release of VWF

111
Q

factor 8 deficiency

A

haemophilia A

112
Q

where is B12 absorbed

A

terminal ileum

113
Q

where is folate absorbed

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