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History XIX Century > Third partial > Flashcards

Third partial Flashcards

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1
Q

Where did the Industrial Revolution bloom?

A

Britain

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2
Q

Why did the Industrial Revolution first happen in England?

A

Political, economical and technological stability

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3
Q

What were the two main industries affected by the Industrial Revolution?

A

Textiles & transport

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4
Q

What were some of the consequences of the Industrial Revolution?

A
  • Growth of cities

- Economical and technological boom

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5
Q

What were some of the problems of city growth?

A
  • Cities weren’t big enough
  • Bad living conditions
  • Diseases
  • Short life span
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6
Q

Disadvantages and problems during the Industrial Revolution:

A
  • Long work schedules
  • Children were used
  • Mines were dangerous to work in
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7
Q

What were the main causes of the revolutions in 1848?

A
  • Hunger
  • Urbanization
  • Social classes
  • Industrialization
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8
Q

Which event in 1845 was an important influence in the 1848 revolutions?

A

The economical crisis of 1845, in which many crops failed, food prices increased, and businessmen went bankrupt

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9
Q

What was authoritarianism?

A

The conservative regimes that favored upper classes

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10
Q

What was liberalism?

A

The middle classes were excluded from the government; therefore, they wanted more representation and fairness inside the government

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11
Q

What is socialism?

A

Wanting a better-organized society, as well as resources distributed more equally

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12
Q

Who is the father of socialism?

A

Karl Marx

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13
Q

What caused the 1848 revolution in France?

A
  • King Louis-Philippe did not change laws
  • Food and economical crisis
  • Liberals wanted change
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14
Q

The liberals protested in Paris in 1848, which led to what?

A

The King accepted all of their demands, which was a mistake, because the liberals asked for more

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15
Q

After the Revolution, what became of France?

A

A republic

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16
Q

After the revolution in France, another constitution was made. After it, who was elected president?

A

Napoleon III, who later on, in 1852, declares himself emperor

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17
Q

What is the main idea of Laissez-Faire?

A

Pro-trade: not stopping the flow of goods

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18
Q

What were Adam Smith’s main ideas?

A
  • Self-interest
  • Competition
  • Markets
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19
Q

What are the main ideas of capitalism?

A

Factors of production are owned by individuals

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20
Q

What are the advantages of capitalism?

A
  • It rewards entrepeneurs, innovation and hard work
  • More people have a say in government
  • More social mobility
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21
Q

What are the disadvantages of capitalism?

A
  • Poor people are required
  • Bigger population
  • People who fail are rooted out
  • Leads to exploitation
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22
Q

What is the main idea of utilitarianism?

A

We should judge people and ideas according to how useful they are to society, and government should take decisions choosing whatever action maximizes the welfare of society

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23
Q

What is the goal of socialism?

A

Social justice

24
Q

What is the main idea of socialism?

A

The factors of production should be owned by everyone, for everyone

25
Q

What is communism?

A

When the government controls resources and shares them equally

26
Q

What is colonialism?

A

One country takes control over another country

27
Q

What is imperialism?

A

A country’s control over another nation’s politics and economics

28
Q

What was the purpose of the Berlin Conference?

A

To divide Africa among European countries

29
Q

Why was the Ottoman Empire, geopolitically speaking, so powerful?

A

It controlled strategic routes, wanted my most European countries

30
Q

Who was the Ottoman Empire’s main rival?

A

Russia

31
Q

What were the causes for the Crimea War?

A
  • Russia wanted to access the Mediterranean
  • Russia was angry because France had the right to protect Christians in the Holy Land
  • England threatened Russia, afraid of its power and another war
32
Q

What happened in the Crimea War?

A

Russia attacked the Ottoman Empire; France, England & the Ottoman Empire declared war on Russia

33
Q

What was “the great game”?

A

The battle between Russia and Britain for India

34
Q

To get to India, Russia would have to go through Afghanistan. What did Britain do about it?

A

Controlled Afghanistan’s security

35
Q

Why did Muhammad Ali break away from the Ottomans?

A

To modernize Egypt

36
Q

What was the East India Company?

A

Trading company that ruled India on behalf of Britain until the Indian Mutiny

37
Q

What did the East India Company do in order to rule over big empires?

A

Ally with several tribes

38
Q

What were the consequences of the First Indian Mutiny?

A
  • The Hindus wouldn’t trust Muslims.
  • Racism emerged
  • British wouldn’t trust Indians
39
Q

What was a characteristic of Japan?

A

It was isolated

40
Q

What was the Meiji Restoration?

A

A plan to modernize Japan and compete with the west

41
Q

What was the main conflict during the Russo-Japanese War?

A

Japan ruled over Korea, who had control over Manchuria. Manchuria was wanted by Russia

42
Q

During Imperialism, which country joined Japan?

A

Korea

43
Q

What is nationalism?

A

An idea based on cultural similarities, common history, same religious views, similar languages, and living in the same area

44
Q

Which empires had problems with nationalism?

A

Russia, Ottomans & Austria

45
Q

Which was the most important kingdom in Italy, and why?

A

Piedmont-Sardinia, because it was rich, and it adopted liberal reforms and laws

46
Q

Which country joined the Piedmontese to fight the Austrians?

A

France

47
Q

After winning the war against Austria, Italy came together, except for which part?

A

Venetia

48
Q

Which was Italy’s previous capital? (Before Rome)

A

Turin

49
Q

What was the German Confederation?

A

Various German states that were loosely united

50
Q

Who dominated Germany back in the day?

A

Austria

51
Q

Who came up with the idea of Realpolitik?

A

Bismark

52
Q

What was the goal of Realpolitik?

A

Power, rather tan ideologies

53
Q

Prussia joined Austria to fight which country for territory?

A

Denmark

54
Q

Why did Prussia fight the Austrians in a seven-week war?

A

Prussia wanted more control, and also, wanted Venetia

55
Q

What was the goal of the Franco-Prussian war?

A

For Prussia to get support from the Southern Catholic German states

56
Q

How did the Franco-Prussian war end?

A

German states joined Prussia, and Wilhelm became emperor

History XIX Century (3 decks)

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