Second partial Flashcards
Which was the first Latin American Independence?
Haiti’s independence
Why is Haiti’s independence important?
It is the only independence in which slaves (Africans / African-Americans) are the rebels
After its independence, Haiti became what?
A republic
What is Brazil’s independence most important characteristic?
It was non-violent, only political
Who declared independence in Brazil?
Dom Pedro I, son of King John VI of Portugal
After its independence, Brazil becomes what?
A constitutional monarchy
During the colonization, how were the social classes organized in New Spain?
- Peninsulares (Spanish)
- Criollos (Spanish born in New Spain)
- Mestizos (Mix)
- Indigenous people
- Slaves
What were some of the causes for the Mexican independence?
- Napoleon invaded Spain
- Economic crisis in Spain due to the Spanish reforms
- Social tensions between criollos and peninsulares
- Enlightenment ideals
What as an important economical factor in New Spain?
The production of gold & silver
What were the Bourbonic Reforms?
Taxes that left New Spain in bankrupcy
Why were the Jesuits expelled from Spain?
Their education was seen as an imposition by Spain, because it was free for everyone and very liberal
What is the name of the constitution that played an important role in the Mexican independence?
Cadiz Constitution
When and who gave the Grito de Dolores?
Miguel Hidalgo on September 16th, 1810
Who took military control during the first stage of the Mexican independence?
Allende
What was the purpose of the “Sentimientos de la Nación”, written by Morelos?
To officially declare independence from Spain
In 1814, the Constitution of Apatzingán, establishes what?
The power is divided into three branches: executive, judicial and legislative
Which character, originally a Peninsular, joins the Insurgents, and with which famous event?
Iturbide in el Abrazo de Acatempan, on February, 1821
Which document officially establishes Mexican Independence?
Tratado de Córdoba: September 21st, 1821
What was Simon Bolivar’s main goal?
Unify all of South America into one single country called Gran Colombia
Which Spanish royal family member wanted Argentinian independence?
Carlota Joaquina
What was the Manifest Destiny?
Document that said that America was destined to spread its values and institutions across the continent
Who wrote the Monroe Doctrine?
John Quincy Adams
What was the Monroe Doctrine?
Document that said that if Europeans tried to invade America, it would be considered as an act of war and intervene
What was the Monroe Doctrine’s purpose?
To expand its territories and promote American settlement in the west
