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Immunology and Serology > Third Line of Defense and Nature or Antigens > Flashcards

Third Line of Defense and Nature or Antigens Flashcards

1
Q

Cellular Components

A

o T Lymphocyte
o B Lymphocytes
o Plasma cells

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2
Q

Humoral Components

A

Antibodies
Cytokines

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3
Q

Humoral-Mediated
Immunity Mechanism

A

Antibody mediated

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4
Q

Cell-Mediated
Immunity Mechanism

A

Cell mediated

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5
Q

Humoral-Mediated
Immunity Cell Types

A

B lymphocytes

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6
Q

Cell-Mediated
Immunity Cell Types

A

T lymphocytes

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7
Q

Humoral-Mediated
Immunity Mode of Action

A

Antibodies in serum

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8
Q

Cell-Mediated
Immunity Mode of Action

A

Direct cell-to-cell contact or soluble products secreted (such as cytokines) by cells

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9
Q

Humoral-Mediated
Immunity Purpose

A

Primary defense against bacterial infection

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10
Q

Cell-Mediated
Immunity Purpose

A

Defense against viral and fungal infections, intracellular organisms
(parasites- malaria, babesia), tumor
antigens, and graft rejection.

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11
Q

Have barriers, phagocytes, dendritic cells, plasma cells (complement), and NK cells

A

Innate

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12
Q

these are the lymphocytes that did not yet encounter an antigen

A

Naive B and T cells-

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13
Q

Upon encountering an antigen, they will
bind to the antigen and they will form antibodies

A

Naive B cell

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14
Q

Once they will
encounter an antigen, they will become an effector T
cell.

A

Naive T cell

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15
Q

o will produce antibodies and recognize via membranebound antibodies.
o It can also recognize different chemical structures of different antibodies (proteins, lipids or
polysaccharides)
o Will depend on the type of antigen that is being encountered

A

B cells

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16
Q

The _____________ when stimulated by antigens, will
become plasma cells and then they will secrete large
number of antibodies after response.

A

The Naive B cells when stimulated by antigens, will
become plasma cells and then they will secrete large
number of antibodies after response.

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17
Q

________________ will remember the particular antigen, upon exposure, the response now will be faster

A

Memory B cells will remember the particular antigen, upon exposure, the response now will be faster

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18
Q

they can only recognize peptide fragments that are presented by APCs (Antigen
Presenting Cell

A

T cells

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19
Q

will present the antigen to the T cells) via molecules known as MHC (_________________________) that is present on the
surface of the APC

A

APCs (Antigen
Presenting Cell

MHC (Major
Histocompatibility Complex)

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20
Q

Upon presentation of the APC on a specific antigen that found on the MHC, the Naive T cell will become
stimulated and will be able to proliferate into two subsets:??

A

CD4 (T Helper cell)
CD8 (Cytotoxic T Cell)

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21
Q

secrete soluble molecules which will help the B cells to produce antibodies and activate macrophages

A

CD4 (T Helper cell)

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22
Q

secrete soluble mediators that will play an important
role in killing virus, infection, and tumor cells.

A

CD8 (Cytotoxic T Cell)

23
Q

After response, __________________ will also persist remember the particular antigen. Same concept with regard to the _______________ when it comes to viruses and upon re-exposure again to the particular virus. It will remember it ______ and the reaction of the immune system will also become ______. Thus, the elimination of the antigen is ______.

A

CD8 (Cytotoxic T Cell)

After response, T memory cells will also persist remember the particular antigen. Same concept with regard to the memory B cells when it comes to viruses and upon re-exposure again to the particular virus. It will remember it faster and the reaction of the immune system will also become faster. Thus, the elimination of the antigen is faster.

24
Q

ACTIVE IMMUNITY or PASSIVE IMMUNITY

Host: responsible for
producing the immune
response/ antibodies

A

ACTIVE IMMUNITY

25
Q

ACTIVE IMMUNITY or PASSIVE IMMUNITY

Nonself: immunity is
derived from
another source’s Abs
and are passively
transferred to the
host

A

PASSIVE IMMUNITY

26
Q

ACTIVE IMMUNITY or PASSIVE IMMUNITY

Immunizing
agent: Ag (antigen)

A

ACTIVE IMMUNITY

27
Q

ACTIVE IMMUNITY or PASSIVE IMMUNITY

Immunizing
agent: Ig (immunoglobulin), anti-sera

A

PASSIVE IMMUNITY

28
Q

ACTIVE IMMUNITY or PASSIVE IMMUNITY

Relative length of immunity:
Longer/ Lifelong

A

ACTIVE IMMUNITY

29
Q

ACTIVE IMMUNITY or PASSIVE IMMUNITY

Relative length of immunity:
Transient/ Temporary

A

PASSIVE IMMUNITY

30
Q

ACTIVE IMMUNITY or PASSIVE IMMUNITY

Effectiveness: Less effective for newborns (very sensitive and vulnerable), Effective in adults

A

ACTIVE IMMUNITY

31
Q

ACTIVE IMMUNITY or PASSIVE IMMUNITY

Effectiveness: More effective for newborns, Less effective in adults

A

PASSIVE IMMUNITY

32
Q

ACTIVE IMMUNITY or PASSIVE IMMUNITY

Function: More prophylactic
(instant protection)

A

ACTIVE IMMUNITY

33
Q

ACTIVE IMMUNITY or PASSIVE IMMUNITY

Function: More therapeutic or prophylactic

A

PASSIVE IMMUNITY

34
Q

ACTIVE IMMUNITY or PASSIVE IMMUNITY

Undesirable effect:
Natural active: experience infection

A

ACTIVE IMMUNITY

35
Q

ACTIVE IMMUNITY or PASSIVE IMMUNITY

Undesirable effect: Artificial passive: serum sickness

A

PASSIVE IMMUNITY

36
Q

ACTIVE IMMUNITY or PASSIVE IMMUNITY

Advantage: Long term immunity

A

ACTIVE IMMUNITY

37
Q

ACTIVE IMMUNITY or PASSIVE IMMUNITY

Advantage: Immediate reaction and protection

A

PASSIVE IMMUNITY

38
Q

ACTIVE IMMUNITY or PASSIVE IMMUNITY

Disadvantage: Slow because Ag is detected then Ab is
produced

A

ACTIVE IMMUNITY

39
Q

ACTIVE IMMUNITY or PASSIVE IMMUNITY

Disadvantage: Short term immunity

A

PASSIVE IMMUNITY

40
Q

FACTORS INFLUENCING IMMUNOGENICITY

A

Foreignness
Size
Chemical Composition and Complexity
Route Dosage and Timing
Adjuvants

41
Q

_____________
* The more different the composition, the ______ the response
* The more taxonomically distant the source of immunogen is from the host, the ______ it is as a stimulus or the _______ our immune system will be

A

FOREIGNNESS
* The more different the composition, the greater the response
* The more taxonomically distant the source of immunogen is from the host, the better it is as a stimulus or the greater our immune system will be.

42
Q

_____________- Derived from the same individual
_____________- Derived from the same specie
_______________- Derived from different species (gives increased response) and most foreign

A

Autoantigen- Derived from the same individual
Alloantigen- Derived from the same specie
Heteroantigen- Derived from different species (gives increased response) and most foreign

43
Q

___________________- Ag found in unrelated plants and animals, cross react with Ab of another

A

Heterophile antigen- Ag found in unrelated plants and animals, cross react with Ab of another

44
Q

_____
* Potent Ag- should have a MW: _________ D
* Good immunogen: _________: _________ D
* Excellent immunogen: ____________: ________ daltons

A

SIZE
* Potent Ag- should have a MW: >10,000 D
* Good immunogen: Albumin: 40,000 D
* Excellent immunogen: Hemocyanin: 1M daltons

45
Q

More complex the antigen is, the _____ immune response will happen

A

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND COMPLEXITY

More complex the antigen is, the more immune response will happen

46
Q

Most immunogenic

A

Protein- made up of amino acids that are stacked up and twisted making it complex

47
Q

2nd Most Immunogenic

A

Polysaccharide

48
Q

Non-immunogenic: ______ and _______________

A

Non-immunogenic: Lipids and nucleic acids

48
Q

___________ and _______________ are effective- used also in the concept of treatment because it is much better

A

ROUTE DOSAGE AND TIMING

Intravenous and intraperitoneal are effective- used also in the concept of treatment because it is much better

49
Q

____________ are stronger stimulus than subcutaneous or intramascular

A

Intradermal are stronger stimulus than subcutaneous or intramascular

50
Q

________the dose, the less response: _______ the does, the more response

A

Smaller the dose, the less response: higher the does, the more response

51
Q

Substance added to vaccine and less immunologic molecules to increase the immune response

A

Adjuvants

52
Q

Examples of Adjuvants

o ______________________- Water in oil emulsion of Mycobacterium/ Bordatella pertussis/ MTB

o _______________________- Stimulate B cells

o ______________- Stimulate Phagocytosis

o ____________- From shark oil, for HIV Vaccine

A

Examples of Adjuvants

o Complete Freund’s Adjuvant- Water in oil emulsion of Mycobacterium/ Bordatella pertussis/ MTB

o Lipopolysaccharides- Stimulate B cells

o Alum adjuvant- Stimulate Phagocytosis

o Squalene- From shark oil, for HIV Vaccine

Immunology and Serology (4 decks)

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