Cytokines

Question 1

Polypeptide products of activated cells that will control a variety of cellular response and thereby regulate the immune response

Answer 1

Cytokines

Question 2

Produced several cascade that will lead to rapid generation of innate and adaptive immune response

Answer 2

Cytokines

Question 3

Is cytokines under humoral or cellular mediated immunity?

Answer 3

Humoral

Question 4

How many different cytokines?

Answer 4

Over 200 different cytokines

Question 5

In cytokines, most fall into the following families: ____________, _____________, ___________, and ________________________

Answer 5

In cytokines, most fall into the following families: hematopoietins, interferons, chemokines, and tumor necrosis factors

Question 6

Cytokines function in what Immunity?

Cytokines mediate early inflammatory reactions to microbial organism and stimulate adaptive immune response.

Answer 6

Innate immunity

Question 7

Cytokines function in what Immunity?

Stimulate proliferation and differentiation of antigen-stimulated lymphocytes and activate specialized effector cells.

Answer 7

Adaptive immunity

Question 8

________________________________- was the first cytokine activity to be described.

Answer 8

Migratory inhibitory factor (MIF) was the first cytokine activity to be described.

Question 9

Function is to perform a T- cell derived activity wherein it will immobilized macrophage migration and because of that it will cause retention and accumulation of phagocytes specifically at the site of inflammation

Answer 9

Migratory inhibitory factor (MIF)

Question 10

It will act as endogenous pyrogen.

Answer 10

IL 1

Question 11

Meaning it can cause fever

Answer 11

Pyrogen

Question 12

o Secreted by macrophages
o Vasculature (inflammation); liver (induction of acute phase proteins); neutrophil activation

Answer 12

Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)

Question 13

____________________ – root word __________, meaning they are able to interfere viral replication

Answer 13

Interferon alpha – root word interfere, meaning they are able to interfere viral replication

Question 14

Induces antiviral stage in most nucleates cells; activates NK cells

Answer 14

Interferon alpha

Question 15

They are able to enhance expression of the MHC class 1 molecule – they are able to present the antigen to t cells particularly t cytotoxic

Answer 15

Interferon alpha

Question 16

What secrete interferon alpha?

Answer 16

Macrophages

Question 17

What produce interferon beta?

Answer 17

Fibroblasts

Question 18

___________ – cells of connective
tissues

Answer 18

Fibroblasts – cells of connective
tissues

Question 19

They induces antiviral state in most nucleated cells; activates NK cells

Answer 19

INTERFERON BETA

Question 20

An interleukin that remains intracellularly, and release only when cells will die, because of that it will help attract inflammatory cells, e.g., Neutrophils and Macrophages

Answer 20

IL 1A

Question 21

An interleukin that leads the inflammatory cells to areas where cell and tissues are being damaged or killed.

Answer 21

IL 1A

Question 22

An interleukin that has systemic activities, e.g., Inducing fever or mainly it is a pyrogen.

Answer 22

IL 1B

Question 23

An interleukin that activates phagocytosis

Answer 23

IL 1B

Question 24

IL 1RA also known as

Answer 24

RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST

Question 25

An interleukin that act as an endogenous pyrogen

Answer 25

IL 1RA

Question 26

They are able to stimulate our hypothalamus to be activated into producing factors that will induce fever.

Answer 26

Endogenous pyrogen

Question 27

It is considered to be the thermostat of the body, wherein it will act by increasing now the body temperature to kill microorganisms.

Answer 27

Hypothalamus

Question 28

What secretes IL 1RA?

Answer 28

Monocytes Macrophages Endothelial cells Epithelial cells

Question 29

An interleukin that is secreted by macrophages and dendritic cells

Answer 29

INTERLEUKIN 12

Question 30

What interleukin is produce in dendritic cells in damaged tissues in response to certain stimuli?

Answer 30

Interleukin 12

Question 31

Main function is that it can bind to its receptor on Naïve T cells and can cause the expression of new set of genes including those that determine maturation into Th1 lineage.

Answer 31

Interleukin 12

Question 32

An interleukin that is able to bind naïve T cells, because of that, it will cause the expression of new set of genes including those that determine maturation into Th1 lineage

Answer 32

Interleukin 12

Question 33

An interleukin that is able to stimulate B cells to proliferate and differentiate in to plasma cells an induces CD4 T cells to produce greater quantities of both pro and inflammatory cytokines.

Answer 33

Interleukin 6

Question 34

What produces interleukin 6?

Answer 34

Macrophages Endothelial cells

Question 35

They induces acute phase protein?

Answer 35

Liver

Question 36

This Pleiotropic cytokine affects inflammation, acute phase proteins, immunoglobulin synthesis, because of the activation states of B cells and T cell.

Answer 36

Interleukin 6

Question 37

What are the interleukins of Innate Immunity?

Answer 37

IL 1 (IL 1A, IL 1B, IL 1RA) IL 12 IL 6

Question 38

In contrast innate immunity, cytokines that are involved in the adaptive immune response are mainly secreted by _______.

Answer 38

In contrast innate immunity, cytokines that are involved in the adaptive immune response are mainly secreted by T cells.

Question 39

What secretes Interferon Gamma?

Answer 39

Th1 cells CD8 cells NK cells

Question 40

An interferon that activates macrophages and increases antigen presentation

Answer 40

Interferon Gamma

Question 41

Also known as T cell growth factor

Answer 41

Interleukin 2

Question 42

What secretes interleukin 2?

Answer 42

T cells

Question 43

An interleukin that drive both the growth and differentiation of B and T cells, induce natural killer cells

Answer 43

Interleukin 2

Question 44

An interleukin that is able to influence the adaptive immunity by stimulating the production of IgG1 and IgG3 opsonization and complement activation

Answer 44

Interleukin 2

Question 45

What produce interleukin 4?

Answer 45

Th2 cells Mast cells

Question 46

__________ - are primarily responsible for antibody mediated immunity

Answer 46

Th2 cells are primarily responsible for antibody mediated immunity

Question 47

They promotes Th2 differentiation

Answer 47

Interleukin 4

Question 48

One of the key cytokines that will regulate Th2 immune activities and will help drive antibody responses in a variety of diseases

Answer 48

Interleukin 4

Question 49

They are expressed on lymphocytes and numerous non-hematopoietic cells

Answer 49

Interleukin 4

Question 50

Its activity on naïve T cells will turn on the genes and generate Th2 cells and turns off the genes that will promote Th1, such as interferons or interferon gamma and R subunits

Answer 50

Interleukin 4

Question 51

What secretes Interleukin 5?

Answer 51

Th2 subset cells

Question 52

An interleukin that functions in eosinophil activation and generation

Answer 52

Interleukin 5

Question 53

What are the Interleukins of adaptive immunity?

Answer 53

IL 2 IL 4 IL 5

Question 54

What secretes transforming growth factor beta?

Answer 54

T cells Macrophages and other cell types

Question 55

They inhibits T cell proliferation and effector functions; inhibits B cell proliferation; inhibits macrophages

Answer 55

Transforming growth factor beta

Question 56

Third major subclass of CD4 T cells are the _________________ (_____ and ______ cells that are selected in the thymus)

Answer 56

Third major subclass of CD4 T cells are the T regulatory cells (CD4 and CD25 cells that are selected in the thymus)

Question 57

They play a key role in establishing tolerance for a wide variety of antigens, allergens, tumor antigens, transplant antigens and infectious agent

Answer 57

T regulatory cells

Question 58

_______________________________ - will induce the expression of foxP3 which is a transcription factor that causes the T regulatory cells to suppress the activity of other T cells. Mainly for a TGFB, its effect is inhibitory

Answer 58

Transforming Growth Factor Beta will induce the expression of foxP3 which is a transcription factor that causes the T regulatory cells to suppress the activity of other T cells. Mainly for a TGFB, its effect is inhibitory