Cytokines Flashcards
Polypeptide products of activated cells that will control a variety of cellular response and thereby regulate the immune response
Cytokines
Produced several cascade that will lead to rapid generation of innate and adaptive immune response
Cytokines
Is cytokines under humoral or cellular mediated immunity?
Humoral
How many different cytokines?
Over 200 different cytokines
In cytokines, most fall into the following families: ____________, _____________, ___________, and ________________________
In cytokines, most fall into the following families: hematopoietins, interferons, chemokines, and tumor necrosis factors
Cytokines function in what Immunity?
Cytokines mediate early inflammatory reactions to microbial organism and stimulate adaptive immune response.
Innate immunity
Cytokines function in what Immunity?
Stimulate proliferation and differentiation of antigen-stimulated lymphocytes and activate specialized effector cells.
Adaptive immunity
________________________________- was the first cytokine activity to be described.
Migratory inhibitory factor (MIF) was the first cytokine activity to be described.
Function is to perform a T- cell derived activity wherein it will immobilized macrophage migration and because of that it will cause retention and accumulation of phagocytes specifically at the site of inflammation
Migratory inhibitory factor (MIF)
It will act as endogenous pyrogen.
IL 1
Meaning it can cause fever
Pyrogen
o Secreted by macrophages
o Vasculature (inflammation); liver (induction of acute phase proteins); neutrophil activation
Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)
____________________ – root word __________, meaning they are able to interfere viral replication
Interferon alpha – root word interfere, meaning they are able to interfere viral replication
Induces antiviral stage in most nucleates cells; activates NK cells
Interferon alpha
They are able to enhance expression of the MHC class 1 molecule – they are able to present the antigen to t cells particularly t cytotoxic
Interferon alpha
What secrete interferon alpha?
Macrophages
What produce interferon beta?
Fibroblasts
___________ – cells of connective
tissues
Fibroblasts – cells of connective
tissues
They induces antiviral state in most nucleated cells; activates NK cells
INTERFERON BETA
An interleukin that remains intracellularly, and release only when cells will die, because of that it will help attract inflammatory cells, e.g., Neutrophils and Macrophages
IL 1A
An interleukin that leads the inflammatory cells to areas where cell and tissues are being damaged or killed.
IL 1A
An interleukin that has systemic activities, e.g., Inducing fever or mainly it is a pyrogen.
IL 1B
An interleukin that activates phagocytosis
IL 1B
IL 1RA also known as
RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST
An interleukin that act as an endogenous pyrogen
IL 1RA
They are able to stimulate our
hypothalamus to be activated into producing factors that will induce fever.
Endogenous pyrogen
It is considered to be the thermostat of the body, wherein it will act by increasing now the body temperature to kill microorganisms.
Hypothalamus
What secretes IL 1RA?
Monocytes
Macrophages
Endothelial cells
Epithelial cells
An interleukin that is secreted by macrophages and dendritic cells
INTERLEUKIN 12
What interleukin is produce in dendritic cells in damaged tissues in response to certain stimuli?
Interleukin 12
Main function is that it can bind to its receptor on Naïve T cells and can cause the expression of new set of genes including those that determine maturation into Th1 lineage.
Interleukin 12
An interleukin that is able to bind naïve T cells, because of that, it will cause the expression of new set of genes including those that determine maturation into Th1 lineage
Interleukin 12
An interleukin that is able to stimulate B cells to proliferate and differentiate in to plasma cells an induces CD4 T cells to produce greater quantities of both pro and inflammatory cytokines.
Interleukin 6
What produces interleukin 6?
Macrophages
Endothelial cells
They induces acute phase protein?
Liver
This Pleiotropic cytokine affects
inflammation, acute phase proteins, immunoglobulin synthesis, because of the activation states of B cells and
T cell.
Interleukin 6
What are the interleukins of Innate Immunity?
IL 1 (IL 1A, IL 1B, IL 1RA)
IL 12
IL 6
In contrast innate immunity, cytokines that are involved in the adaptive immune response are mainly secreted by _______.
In contrast innate immunity, cytokines that are involved in the adaptive immune response are mainly secreted by T cells.
What secretes Interferon Gamma?
Th1 cells
CD8 cells
NK cells
An interferon that activates macrophages and increases antigen presentation
Interferon Gamma
Also known as T cell growth factor
Interleukin 2
What secretes interleukin 2?
T cells
An interleukin that drive both the growth and differentiation of B and T cells, induce natural killer cells
Interleukin 2
An interleukin that is able to influence the adaptive immunity by stimulating the production of IgG1 and IgG3
opsonization and complement activation
Interleukin 2
What produce interleukin 4?
Th2 cells
Mast cells
__________ - are primarily responsible for antibody mediated immunity
Th2 cells are primarily responsible for antibody mediated immunity
They promotes Th2 differentiation
Interleukin 4
One of the key cytokines that will regulate Th2 immune activities and will help drive antibody responses in a variety of diseases
Interleukin 4
They are expressed on lymphocytes and numerous
non-hematopoietic cells
Interleukin 4
Its activity on naïve T cells will turn on the genes and generate Th2 cells and turns off the genes that will promote Th1, such as interferons or interferon gamma and R subunits
Interleukin 4
What secretes Interleukin 5?
Th2 subset cells
An interleukin that functions in eosinophil activation and generation
Interleukin 5
What are the Interleukins of adaptive immunity?
IL 2
IL 4
IL 5
What secretes transforming growth factor beta?
T cells
Macrophages and other cell types
They inhibits T cell proliferation and effector functions; inhibits B cell proliferation; inhibits macrophages
Transforming growth factor beta
Third major subclass of CD4 T cells are the _________________ (_____ and ______ cells that are selected in the thymus)
Third major subclass of CD4 T cells are the T regulatory cells (CD4 and CD25 cells that are selected in the thymus)
They play a key role in establishing tolerance for a wide variety of antigens, allergens, tumor antigens, transplant antigens and infectious agent
T regulatory cells
_______________________________ - will induce the expression of foxP3 which is a transcription factor that causes the T regulatory cells to suppress the activity of other T cells. Mainly for a TGFB, its effect is inhibitory
Transforming Growth Factor Beta will induce the expression of foxP3 which is a transcription factor that causes the T regulatory cells to suppress the activity of other T cells. Mainly for a TGFB, its effect is inhibitory
