MHC Flashcards
Purified antibodies cloned from a single cell
Exhibit purity and specificity
Able to recognized and bind to a specific antigen
MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES
1975 – _______ and ________ discovered how to fuse lymphocytes to produce a single cell line. This single cell line is immortal and able to produce specific antibodies.
1975 – Kohler and Milstein discovered how to fuse lymphocytes to produce a single cell line. This single cell line is immortal and able to produce specific antibodies.
1975- _________________ and __________________ discovered a technique to produce antibody arising from a single B cell, which has revolutionized serological testing. For their pioneering research, they were awarded the Nobel Prize in 1984.
1975- Georges Kohler and Cesar Milstein discovered a technique to produce antibody arising from a single B cell, which has revolutionized serological testing. For their pioneering research, they were awarded the Nobel Prize in 1984.
_______________- fusion of two different types of cells
Hybridoma- fusion of two different types of cells
___________________
o cancerous plasma cells
o deficiency of the enzyme: ________________________________________________________________ (HGPRT)
o Cannot make their own DNA
o They will die out unless they are fused to a plasma cell
Myeloma cells
o cancerous plasma cells
o deficiency of the enzyme: hypoxanthine- guanine
phosphoribosyl transferase (HGPRT)
o Cannot make their own DNA
o They will die out unless they are fused to a plasma cell
Used to treat disease is called
__________________ because each type of monoclonal antibody will target specific antigen in the body (treatment for cancer and rheumatoid arthritis)
Used to treat disease is called
immunotherapy because each type of monoclonal antibody will target specific antigen in the body (treatment for cancer and rheumatoid arthritis)
__________________________- In the case of metastatic breast cancer, it is an antibody directed against HER-2 or the neu protein, which is present in large numbers on tumor cells, has been helpful in slowing the disease’s progress.
Trastuzumab (Herceptin)- In the case of metastatic breast cancer, it is an antibody directed against HER-2 or the neu protein, which is present in large numbers on tumor cells, has been helpful in slowing the disease’s progress.
______________________- used to treat non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
Rituximab (Rituxan)- used to treat non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
_______________________- to treat
colorectal cancer and head and
neck cancers
Cetuximab (Erbitux)- to treat
colorectal cancer and head and
neck cancers
_______________________- to treat colorectal, non- small lung, and breast cancers
Bevacizumab (Avastin)- to treat colorectal, non- small lung, and breast cancers
In MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX, Genes are found on the short arm of chromosome _
In MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX, Genes are found on the short arm of chromosome 6
MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX was first named as ______________________________
Named by a French scientist __________ wherein he observes MHC in responses of the circulating white blood cells
MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX was first named as HLA (Human Leukocyte Antigen)
Named by a French scientist Dausset wherein he observes MHC in responses of the circulating white blood cells
CLASS I MHC MOLECULES
made in the ______________________________, where small peptides made within the cell are transported to the __.
CLASS I MHC MOLECULES
made in the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER), where small peptides made within the cell are transported to the ER.
Upon combining with MHC class I, the peptide MHC complex is transported through the ____________ to the ____________.
Upon combining with MHC class I, the peptide MHC complex is transported through the Golgi complex to the cell surface.
The binding site of MHC class II molecules are first occupied by an ___________________.
The binding site of MHC class II molecules are first occupied by an invariant chain (Ii).
CLASS I MOLECULE
Coded for three different loci
A, B and C
____ – locations where alleles are present
Loci – locations where alleles are present
_______ – alternative form of a gene that is found on the same chromosome
Alleles – alternative form of a gene that is found on the same chromosome
CLASS I MOLECULE
Chain structure
a-chain and B2-microglobulin
CLASS I MOLECULE
Cells distribution: Expressed on all ___________ cells
o Highest?
o Low or undetected?
CLASS I MOLECULE
Cells distribution: Expressed on all nucleated cells
o Highest on lymphocytes
o Low or undetected on liver, neural cells, muscle cells and sperm
They present the peptide antigen to Tc cells
MHC CLASS I MOLECULE
CD Marker of Class I Molecule?
CD8
CLASS II MHC MOLECULE
CODED FOR SEVERAL LOCI
DR, DQ and DP
CLASS II MHC MOLECULE
CHAIN STRUCTURE
a-chain and b-chain
CLASS II MHC MOLECULE
CELL DISTRIBUTION: Mainly found in _______________________
o Cells involve?
________________ - are the most potent APC.
CLASS II MHC MOLECULE
CELL DISTRIBUTION: Mainly found in ANTIGEN PRESENTING CELLS
o B-lymphocytes, monocytes,
macrophages and dendritic cells
Dendritic cells are the most potent APC.
They presents processed antigenic peptides to Th Cells
MHC CLASS II MOLECULE
CD marker of Class II MHC Molecules
CD4
In CLASS II MHC MOLECULE, they present the antigenic peptide via _______________, specifically for bacterial presentation.
In CLASS II MHC MOLECULE, they present the antigenic peptide via dendritic cells, specifically for bacterial presentation.
In CLASS II MHC MOLECULE, processed is aided by _____ or ______________________ that binds the alpha and beta chain together.
In CLASS II MHC MOLECULE, processed is aided by Clip or Class II invariant chain that binds the alpha and beta chain together.
Mainly for _______, exogenous antigens are the one presented. While, for ______, it is either an endogenous or exogenous antigen.
Mainly for Class II, exogenous antigens are the one presented. While, for class I, it is either an endogenous or exogenous antigen.
Tor F
In Class II, the CD8 Tc Cell recognizes antigen in association for MHC Class I. If antigen is recognized as being foreign, cytokines are released causing the destruction of target cell.
F
Class I
This class of MHC molecule will lead to the destruction of the antigen.
Class I
This class of MHC molecule will will lead to production of antibodies and antigen via plasma cells and memory b cells
Class II
