Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Cell Physiology > Third Exam > Flashcards

Third Exam Flashcards

(69 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is catabolism?

A

Degregation, releases energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is anabolism?

A

Biosynthesis, uses energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is activation energy?

A

Minimum amount of energy required for a reaction to occur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is an active site?

A

where specific substrates may bind to for a reaction to take place

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What do coenzymes do?

A

helps mediate bond between enzyme and substrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are constitutive enzymes?

A

Always produced in equal amounts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are inducible enzymes?

A

production is induced or repressed in response to substrate concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is competitive inhibition?

A

inhibitor molecules partially fit an active site and blocks it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is allosteric inhibition?

A

inhibitor molecules bind to a regulatory site on the enzyme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the difference between endergonic and exergonic reactions?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where is the majority of energy stored in ATP?

A

The terminal (third) phosphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is substrate-level phosphorylation?

A

Reaction where a phosphate is directly transferred from a substrate to ADP or GDP to create ATP and GTP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is oxidative phosphorylation?

A

The process of harnessing the energy of oxygen reduction to manufacture ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is photophosphorylation?

A

The manufacturing of ATP through using sunlight by activating PS2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are activated carriers?

A

temporary shuttles that carry energy (hydrogen molecules) to prevent loss of energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the products of each activated carrier?

A

NAD –> NADH
FAD –> FADH2
NADP –> NADPH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is autotrophic?

A

Make their own sugars from inorganic carbon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is heterotrophic?

A

Need an external source of organic carbon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Where is glycogen stored?

A

Liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Where are lipids stored?

A

Adipocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the respiratory pathway?

A

Glycolysis
Kreb’s Cycle
Electron Transport Chain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Where does glycolysis take place?

A

cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Where does the Kreb’s cycle take place?

A

mitochondrial matrix in eukaryotes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Where does the electron transport chain take place?

A

Inner mitochondrial membrane in eukaryotes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is hexokinase?
Converts glucose to G6P during glycolysis
26
What is PFK1?
Produces fructose 1, 6 bi phosphate during glycolysis
27
What is pyruvate kinase?
Converts phospoenol pyruvate to pyruvate during glycolysis
28
What is pyruvate dehydrogenase?
Converts pyruvate into acetyl CoA during Kreb's
29
What is citrate synthase?
Produces citrate from acetyl CoA and OOA during Kreb's
30
When in the Kreb's cycle is ATP produced?
When Succinyl CoA is broken down into Succinate
31
How many times do activated carriers take hydrogens in the Krebs cycle?
Five times
32
What is NADH dehydrogenase?
Removes electron from NADH
33
What is coenzyme Q?
ETC, receives electrons from NADH dehydrogenase and FMN
34
What is FMN?
Removes electron from the activated carrier FADH2
35
What is Cytochrome C oxidase?
Part of ETC, reduces molecular oxygen at the end of the respiratory chain
36
What does ATP synthase do?
fuels ATP synthesis via the transport of H+ ions
37
How much ATP does ETC produce?
34
38
What is chemiosmosis?
39
What is proton motive force?
40
What does pyruvate do without oxygen?
Ferment into either lactate or ethanol
41
What is gluconegenesis?
Synthesizes glucose from pyruvate
42
What is chlorophyll?
43
What are thylakoids?
Mitochondrial membrane like structures that function similarly in plant cells
44
What is the stoma?
Where carbohydrate synthesis in cells occurs
45
What are the stages of photosynthesis?
Light Reaction Calvin Cycle
46
What is photophosophorylation?
the conversion of ADP to ATP using the energy of sunlight by activation of PSII
47
What is PS2?
Splits water and strips electrons from the hydrogens, producing hydrogens ions and oxygen
48
What is PS1?
Adds electrons to NADP as the final electron carrier
49
What is RuBisCO?
The enzyme responsible for the production of G3P
50
What is G3P?
End product of Calvin Cycle, the precursor of all organic compounds
51
What does a fast reaction rate mean?
Uses proteins already in cells
52
What does a slow reaction rate mean?
Involve changes in gene expression and production of new proteins
53
What is GCPR?
mediate most cellular responses to hormones and neurotransmitters
54
What is ion-channel coupled?
Has receptors that activate an ion channel
55
What is G-Protein-coupled?
receives signals and Binds GTP and breaks it down to GDP
56
What is Enzyme coupled?
Receive signals which activate their enzymatic function
57
What does adding a phosphate tend to do?
Activate an enzyme
58
What are RTKs?
mediating cell-to-cell communication
59
What are the five signaling pathways?
Endocrine Paracrine Autocrine Neuronal Contact
60
What is the endocrine pathway?
Public, throughout the blood stream
61
What is the paracrine pathway?
Local mediators, not in blood
62
What is the autocrine pathway?
Self-signaling
63
What is the neuronal pathway?
Neurotransmitters and action potentials that make "phone calls"
64
What is the contact dependent pathway?
Cells have to be touching for signaling to occur
65
What are two examples of the endocrine pathway?
Insulin Cortisol
66
What are two examples of the paracrine pathway?
Histamines Nitric Oxide
67
What are two examples of the neuronal pathway?
Nerve cells Acetylcholine
68
What is an example of the autocrine pathway?
T cells and the cytokine IL-2
69
What are two examples of the contact dependent pathway?
Drosophila cell specialization Natural Killer cells

Cell Physiology (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions