Thinking Lecture Flashcards
What is cognition?
focus on the mental activities associated with thinking knowing remembering and communication information
What is metacognition?
cognition about cognition; thinking about thinking
What is a concept?
mental groupings of similar objects events, ideas, or people
What is a prototype?
a mental image or best example of a category
What is trail and error?
multiple different attempts until successful outcome is achieved
What is an aha moment?
Insight
What is a heuristic?
simpler thinking strategies/mental shortcuts
What is seeking information that confirms our beliefs and ignores contrary information?
Confirmation bias
What is intuition?
fast, automatic, unreasoned feelings and thoughts, also known as a gut feeling.
What is the availability heuristic?
estimate how common an event is based on its mental availability. Vividness can make it seem more common
What is the representativeness heuristic?
judging the likelihood of something by comparing it to a prototype
What are factors that exaggerate unlikely events?
Dramatic outcomes make us gasp; probabilities we hardly grasp
We over feel and under think
How does overconfidence impact our lives?
Tendency to overestimate the accuracy of our knowledge and judgement
Tend to live a happier life and make decisions more easily.
What is the planning fallacy?
overestimating future leisure time and income
How does the planning fallacy affect students?
Students expect to finish assignments ahead of schedule and usually take twice as long as predicted
What is belief perseverance?
tendency to cling to our beliefs after facing contrary evidence.
What is framing?
the way we present an issue.
What is the difference between intuitive and deliberative thought?
ntuitive thought: unconscious, automatic
Deliberative thought: conscious, planned, effortful
Which brain region is creativity associated with?
Creativity and aptitude are associated with different brain regions
What are the five components of creativity?
expertise, imaginative thinking, venturesome and determined personality, inartistic motivation, creative environment
Who developed the five components of creativity?
Robert Sternberg
Which animals engage in thinking by using concepts?
black bears, great apes, and pigeons
