Thinking and Using Knowledge

Question 1

Problem-solving

Answer 1

Ability to deal with new situations for which there is no previously known response

Question 2

4 problem-solving steps
Involves, which can be learned and developed through practice

Answer 2

1 defining the problem
2 developing a strategy to resolve it
3 carrying out the strategy
4 determining if the strategy is working

Question 3

What do the strategies for problem solving include?

Answer 3

• trial and error~ trying different approaches until one works
• hypothesis testing~ Testing hypothesis and measuring it success
• Rule of thumb~ Using a general rule based on past experiences
• insight~ having a new idea or suddenly gaining understanding

Question 4

Reasoning

Answer 4

~ involves using information to draw conclusions
~ deductive reasoning
~ inductive reasoning
~ dialectical reasoning

Question 5

Developing concepts

Answer 5

~ a concept is a category of objects, ideas, or events that share characteristics
~ Concepts allow us to group similar items together and to distinguish those that are different
~ thinking and generalizing would be impossible without concepts because everything would be unique

Question 6

 decision-making

Answer 6

Takes place whenever we have a choice of what to do

Question 7

Decision-making involves four stages

Answer 7

1. Determine alternatives.
2. Evaluating alternatives.
3. Making a decision.
4. Acting.